形容词或副词与副词的比较级和最高级。
备课人使用人共需课时累计课时。
一、学习目标。
比较级的构成及各种用法共10点。
of / in表示范围时的区别。
the与比较级和最高级的搭配。
**的比较级和最高级。
比较级和最高级的修饰语等。
二、注释及方法。
1、构成。a、大多数单音节形容词或副词的比较级和最高级的构成是:
在其原级后面加上-er和-est:如。
small---smaller---smallest
new---newer---newest
b、以重读闭音节结尾的形容词或副词,其末尾只有一个辅音字母且此辅音字母前面只有一个元音字母,要双写最后的辅音字母再加-er和-est:
big---bigger---biggest
thin---thinner---thinnest
c、以-e结尾的加-r和-st:
large---larger---largest
nice---nicer---nicest
d、以辅音字母加y结尾的,要把-y变成-i,再加-er和-est:
easy---easier---easiest
he**y---he**ier---he**iest
e 、不规则的,必须熟记,如:
good/well---better---best
many/much---more---most
bad/ill---worse---worst
little---less---least
old---older/elder---oldest/eldest
far---farther/further---farthest/furthest
f 、大多数较长的形容词或副词(即有两个以上音节的词)可在前面加more构成其比较级形式,加most构成其最高级形式。
2、用法。a、比较级只用于两者之间,通常与than连用。形容词或副词比较级之所指如果很清楚,它也可独立存在:如。
he is taller than lilei.
this coat is longer. 这件外衣较长。
b、最高级用于3者或3者以上。形容词或副词的最高级在使用时必须加定冠词,并常伴有一个表示范围的介词短语或从句:
that girl is the tallest student in our class.
那位姑娘是班上个子最高的学生。
3、of / in表示范围时的区别:如。
he is the tallest of all(the boys) /of the three.
此句中he和all(the boys) /the three都指人,既是同类事物。
he is the tallest in the class / in the group.
此句中he和 the class / the group不是同类事物。
注:of表示的范围=2 时,句中形容词或副词用比较级。
如: he is the taller of the both /of the twins.
of表示的范围》/=3 时, 句中形容词或副词用最高级。
如: he is the tallest of all /of the three.
4、the与比较级和最高级的搭配。
1)比较级前面不用the, (2)但当比较级代指某人或事物,或作定语时前面需加the。(3)形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词最高级前可以加the也可以不加the。如:
1)he is taller than lilei. this coat is longer.
2)he is the taller of the both.
句中the taller代指较高的那个(人),既the taller one.
2)the taller girl is my sister.
句中the taller做girl的定语。
3) he is the tallest of all. he runs (the) fastest of all.
5.**的比较级和最高级。
1)not as/so…as…
如 john is not so stupid as mike.(愚蠢)约翰不如迈克愚蠢。
john is less stupid than mike. 约翰不如迈克愚蠢。
john is cleverer than mike. 约翰比迈克聪明。
mike is more stupid than john.迈克比约韩更愚蠢。
1) f**orite
如he is my f**orite .=i like him best.
6、 the + 比较级, the + 比较级。 表示“越……越……”
the more,the better. 越多越好。
the more food you eat, the fatter you are. 你吃的越多就变得越胖。
7、比较级 + and + 比较级。 表示“越来……越……”
our country is getting stronger and stronger.
more and more students like playing games.
she gets more and more beautiful.
8、用比较级表示最高级:约翰是班里最高的男生。
john is the tallest boy in the class.
any other boy .
all)the other boys .
john is taller than any one else.
any of the other boysany of the others.
9、比较级和最高级的修饰语。
1). 比较级的修饰语有far, even, still, any, no, very much, rather,
a bit, three times, a great deal等:
this is very much cheaper. 这个便宜得多。
do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好点儿了吗?
this one is even more expensive. 这个更贵些。
2). 最高级的常见修饰语有
by) far, much, nearly, almost, not quite, second等:
he is far more careful than i am. 他比我仔细得多。
he is almost the tallest here. 他差不多是这儿最高的。
this is much the worst book of all. 这是所有书中最最糟糕的一本。
注】very不能修饰比较级,却可修饰最高级,但它与一般的修饰最高级的副词有所不同,即它要放在最高级前的定冠词之后,而不是之前:
this is the very best one. 这是最最好的。
另外,second, third等也要放在定冠词之后:
the yellow river is the second longest river in china.
黄河是中国第二长河流。
10、形容词和副词只能用原级的情况。
1)、 as…as…结构:
you’re a boy as good as tom.=you’re as good a boy as tom.
你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。
当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
as +形容词+ a +单数名词
as + many/much +名词
this is as good an example as the other is.
i can carry as much ***** as you can..
2) too…to与 so…that sb can’t…的句型转换:
前者为简单句,主语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主语有两个,试比较:
the man was too angry to be able to speak.
the man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.
the milk was too hot to drink.
the milk was so hot that we can’t drink it.
3) too…to…与 not enough to句型的转换:
he is too young to get married.=he is not old enough to get married.
the book is too difficult for me to read.=
the book is not easy enough for me to read.
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