时态讲解。
一、一般现在时主要用于:
1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作。 it seldom(几乎不) snows here. (example例如)
2 、表示现在的特征或状态。 he is always ready to help others.
3 、普遍真理。 action speaks louder than words.
4 、剧情**介绍,背景说明,动作解说。 (tom enters the room and sits at the table)
doctor : what's your trouble, young man?
tom : i've caught a cold, doctor.
5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。
tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。
二、一般过去时主要用于:
1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态)
when did you read the novel? she often came to help us in those days.
2 、谈到过去的情况时 i didn't know you were so busy.
3 、谈到已死人的情况时 lei feng was a great communist fighter.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:
yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间。
三、现在完成时主要用于:
1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况,即多次动作的总和。
we h**e learnt four english songs this month. how many times h**e you read the novel?
for many days we h**en't seen each other.
2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。
the delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里) look, what you h**e done. 看你干的事。
与这一时态连用的时间状语有: already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this month, since, for 短语,连词 since 引导的时间状语从句。
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
一般过去时:重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等)。
现在完成时:只提起已发生的动作(事实)及其影响,不说明动作发生时的具体情况。
cf. h**e you had your lunch? what did you h**e for lunch?
i h**e ever been to the great wall, and i went there last summer with my father.
注:现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性,故下面一句是错的:
h**e you seen the six thirty's news program? 应改为: did you see the six thirty's news program?
四、现在完成进行时主要用于:表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在,以至延伸到将来,它强调动作延续时间之长久。 i've been writing an article.
我一直在写一篇文章。(还在写)
cf. i've written an article. 我写了一篇文章。(已写完)
it has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。
五、过去完成时。
1 、过去完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。
as soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
注:主从句表达的动作紧接时,即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时,主从句都可用一般过去时。 where did your brother study before he joined the army?
2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。
by the end of last month. we had reviewed four books by eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常有: by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作结束的时间。
六)现在进行时主要用于:
1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 listen, someone is crying. what are you doing these days?
2 、代替一般现在时,表示经常性动作或状态,而含有某种感**彩。
how are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样?(显得亲切)
he is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好。(赞扬)
you are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛。(厌烦)
3 、动词 go, come, le**e, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。 they are le**ing for shanghai.
与这种时态连用的时间状语常有: now, these days, recently, this week 等。
七、过去进行时主要用于: 表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。
at that time she was working in a pla unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作。
what were you doing this time yesterday?
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。
用 when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。
when he came in, i was reading a news*****.
注:1 、 while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时,从句常用过去进行时。
i read a magazine while i was waiting for the bus.
2 、 when 用作并列连词,意为“这时”,连接两分句时,第一句多用过去进行时。
i was reading a news***** when he came in.
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别:
一般过去时:强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。
过去进行时:强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
试区别下面两句:
we were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。(可能尚未建成)
we built a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。(已经建成)
八、一般将来时主要用于: 表示将要发生的动作或情况。
tom will h**e a bike of his own.
与这个时态连用的时间状语常用: tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。
一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别:
一般将来时态 :主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。
be going to 结构 :①表(主观上)打算或准备做某事时。 ②表有发生某事的预兆时。
they are going to h**e a competition with us in studies. it is going to rain.
据以上区别,故下面一句是错的:
i am going to be eighteen years old next year. 应改为: i shall be eighteen years old next year.
be about to do sth 结构 :意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性。
we are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题。
be to do sth 结构: 表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。
when is the train to le**e. all these things are to be answered for.
及物动词与不及物动词。
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词与和及物动词。
1.及物动词: 字典里词后标有vt.
的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语),可直接跟宾语。see 看见 (vt.
) 宾语 i can see a boy.
2.不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi.
的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语)。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。
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