module4 sandstorms in asia –grammar学案。
infinitive
一、教学目标：
1、掌握动词不定式在句中的基本用法以及动词不定式的时态和语态，2、掌握常用动词不定式作宾语或宾补的常见的动词或句型；
二、自学导引：
1、课前预习和归纳动词不定式的用法以及动词不定式的时态和语态时态。
结合课本p107）
2、课前完成本学案中学案上的练习并讨论合作**部分，对其作一归纳。
合作**：小组讨论并归纳其考点。
1. _is believing.
a. to see b. seeing c. see d. to be seen
2. when i handed the report to john, he said that george was the person __
a. to send b. for sending it c. to send it to d. for sending it to
3. she didn’t remember___him before.
a. h**ing met b. h**e met c. to meet d. to h**ing met
4. there isn’t any difference between the two. i really don’t know
a. where to choose b. which to choose
c. to choose what d. to choose which
5. mrs smith warned her daughterafter drinking.
a. never to drive b. to never drive
c. never driving d. never drive
6. though he had often made his little sister __today he was made __by his little sister.
a. cry；to cry b. crying；crying c. cry；cry d. to cry；cry
教师点拨：动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to＋do；其否定形式是not to＋do。
完成式：to+ h**e done；进行式：to+ be doing。
具体用法：
1、作主语。
to see is to believe.
但在英语中，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：
it's wrong to play tricks on other people.
2、作宾语。
不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另一种是“及物动词+疑问句+带to 的不定式”。
1）及物动词+带to的不定式结构：
只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有：want, wish afford, agree, aim, appear, ask, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, ,happen, hope, intend, manage, offer, pretend, promise, prepare, refuse, seek, t, undertake等。
he managed to solve the complicated problem
the stranger offered to show me the way.
mr. smith undertook to build a new plant in south africa.
2）动词+疑问代（副）词+不定式：
常见的动词有：advise, decide, discuss, find out,, know, learn, regard, remember, see, teach, tell, understand,等。常用的疑问代（副）词有what, when, where, which, how, whether等，但不包括why。
he does not know when to start.
i will show you how to deal with it.
有时，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词（如find, think, consider, feel等）+it+形容词+不定式，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
she considers it necessary to make friends with them.
we find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o'clock.
3）love，like，begin，start，hate，prefer等词后面可以接不定式，上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。
i like swimming，but i don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。
4）stop，forget，remember，go on，try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
例句：when the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk.
当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。
3、作表语。
一般情况为主语是不定式（表示条件），表词也是不定式（表示结果）：
to work means to earn a living.
另一种情况为主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing,his aim is to study abroad in the near future.
4、作宾语补足语。
1）tell，ask，want，order，teach，invite，warn，wish，help，get，wish，help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如：
i tell him not to go there by bus .
edison's mother taught him to read and write.
2）let，make，h**e，see，hear，feel，watch，notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。如：
the boss makes them work 16 hours a day.
she was heard to sing in the next room.( 若变成被动语态，要加上to)
3）不定式作定语。
he g**e me an interesting book to read.
如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。
h**e you got some pens to write with？
5、不定式作状语。
作原因状语：
they are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area.
作目的状语：
she raised her voice to be heard better.
作结果状语：
he got to the station only to be told the train had gone.
典例评析：1.__that she was going off to sleep, i asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.
（2008·北京高考）
a. seeing b. to see c. see d. seen
解析：a。2.__the project as planned，we'll h**e to work two more hours a day. （2008·湖南高考）
a. completing b. complete c. completed d. to complete
3. he was busy writing a story, only __once in a while to smoke a cigarette. （2008·辽宁高考）
a. to stopb. stopping c. to h**e stopped d. h**ing stopped
4. the message is very important, so it is supposed___as soon as possible. (2008·陕西高考)
a. to be sent b. to send c. being sent d. sending
巩固分层练习：
一）必做题。
1. go onthe other exercise after you h**e finished this one.
a. to do b. doing c. with d. to be doing
2. this problem is said __three times.
a. to h**e been talked b. to h**e discussed
c. h**ing been discussed d. to h**e been talked about
3. he reached the station __only __that the train had just left.
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