在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。名词性从句是英语中的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)；连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which；连接副词when，where，how，why。
it is...和there is...
it is...句型中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动名词、不定式或从句，而there is意为“有……”有时be也可以用exist，remain等替代。
用it，there填空：
is a pity that he was absent.
is a fact that he has lied to you.
is no wonder that he is so excited.
is no need to worry about it.
is no sense/point (in) arguing with him.
is no doubt that he has gone.
答案】①it ②it ③it ④there ⑤there ⑥there
从句作主语时的谓语动词形式
主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓语动词用单数；如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
that the president is comingexcite) all of us.
how close parents are to their childrenh**e) a strong influence on their character.
when and where the meeting will be heldnot decide) yet.
答案】①excites ②has ③isn't decided/hasn't been decided
宾语从句的时态和语序
宾语从句中的时态要注意呼应。当主句中的谓语是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同的时态。当主句中的谓语是过去时态，从句则要用相应的过去时态(如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等)；当从句表示的是客观真理、科学真理、自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。
宾语从句语序要用陈述语序(what is/was the matter除外)。
the photographs will show you
a. what does our village look like
b. what our village looks like
c. how does our village look like
d. how our village looks like
someone is ringing the doorbell. go and see
a. who is heb. who he is
c. who is itd. who it is
hello，i didn't know yoube) in london. how long h**e you been here?
i thought hebe) coming tomorrow.
the teacher told us that lighttr**el) at a very high speed.
答案】①b ②d ③were ④was ⑤tr**els
表语从句中的常见句型
常用的句型有：the reason is that...it is because...that's why...that's where...
完成下列句子：
the reasonhe is absent from school ishe is ill.
＝he is ill. that'she is absent from school.
he is absent from school. that'she is ill.
the reasonhe g**e washe was caught in the traffic jam.
that'si disagree/the problem lies/i h**e doubt/you are mistaken.
that'si disagree about/the problem lies in/i h**e doubt about/you are mistaken about.
答案】①why；that；why；because ②which；that/不填。
where；what
同位语从句和定语从句的辨别
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。连接词 that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact，hope，story，thought，suggestion，idea，news，possibility，feeling，doubt，truth，wish，word(消息)，request，information，order，message等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。定语从句中的that是关系代词，既起引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中充当主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
完成下列句子：
the newshe told us excited us.
the newsour team won the game excited us.
the facthe collected was surprising.
the facthe said nothing was surprising.
there is a chance/possibilityhe will lose the game.
are that he will lose the game.
information has been put forwardmore middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
答案】①that/which/不填；that ②that/which/不填；that ③that；chances ④that
what和that的用法
what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并且替代名词性从句中所缺的主语、宾语或表语(尤其注意what引导的从句作介词宾语)，相当于“名词或代词＋that/which”；另外，what不能引导定语从句。
that在名词性从句中只引导从句，不充当成分。如：
that he said nothing at the meeting surprised us.
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