小升初英语提分 语法考点难点汇总

发布 2021-05-07 10:07:28 阅读 5862

小升初英语提分:语法考点难点汇总。

动词的变化。

1)代词及be动词。

主格 i we you you she/he/it they

宾格 me us you you her/him/it them

代词所有格 my our your your her/his/its their

名词性代词 mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs

be动词现在时 am are are are is are

be动词过去时 was were were were was were

2)动词现在分词。

规则1 一般动词加-ing look-looking, read-reading, play-playing

规则2 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing make-******, take-taking, arrive-arriving

规则3 重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping

3)动词过去式。

规则动词变化。

规则1 一般动词加-ed look-looked, watch-watched, play-played

规则2 以e结尾的加-d make-maked, arrive-arrived

规则3 以辅音字母加结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried

规则4 重读闭音节词结尾, 即单词中只有一个元音字母,其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词,双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped

过去式的读音。

在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/ walked, jumped

在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ washed, watched

在/t/,/d/后读/id/ waited, hated

4)常见缩写:

is='s i am=i'm are='re

is not=isn't /iznt/ are not=aren't /a:nt/

do not=don't

does not=doesn't

was='s

did not=didn't

can not=can't

h**e='ve

has='s

h**e not=h**en't

has not=hasn't

will='ll

will not=won't

shall not=shan't

祈使句。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议、邀请等,谓语动词一律用原型,句子中通常不用主语,句末用惊叹好或者句号,用降调。

肯定句:动词原型。

come here, please.

go downstairs, please.

stand up.

sit down.

be quiet.

be careful.

祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号隔开,放在句首或者句尾:

come in, amy.

sit down here, tom.

mary, give me a book please.

否定:don't+动词原型。

don't come here.

don't sit down.

don't stand up.

don't give me it.

let sb. do 让某人做。

let me pass.

let us h**e a rest.

let's h**e a rest.

反意疑问:let's h**e a walk along the river, shall we?

let us go out for a drink, will you?

感叹句。1) what +名词+主语+谓语。

what a beautiful girl she is!

what tall buildings they are!

2) how +形容词+主语+谓语。

how beautiful the girl is!

how tall the buildings are!

在口语中,感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略:

what a nice present!(省略it is)

how disappointed!(省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语)

情态动词的使用。

1)情态动词can(能够),must(必须),may(可以)

结构:主语+can/must/may+动词原型。

he can make the tea.

sally can air the room.

we can speak english.

变疑问句将情态动词移到句首。

can he make the tea?

can sally air the room?

can we speak english?

变否定句在情态动词后面加not

he cannot make the tea.

sally cannot air the room.

we cannot speak english.

肯定回答及否定回答。

yes, he can. /no, he cannot.

yes, she can. /no, she cannot.

yes, we can. /no, we cannot.

特殊疑问句:(必背)

what can you do?

注意:情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加s。

名词。名词分为可数名词和不可数名词:

1)不可数名词

无法分开的东西:water, tea, bread, milk, rice

抽象的东西:love, beauty, coldness

不可数名词有以下特点:

不能用a, an修饰;

不能加s;和单数be动词或动词搭配。

2)可数名词

单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s。名词复数共有以下几种变化:

规则变化的名词复数形式。

规则1 一般情况+s shell→shells book→books

规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es fox→foxeschurch→churches, bus→buses, watch→watches

规则3 以o结尾+s或+es potato→potatoes, negro→negroes, hero→heroes, tomato→tomatoes,(口诀:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加s, radio→radios

规则4 以f, fe结尾的,变f, fe为ves life→liveshalf→halves, shelf→shelves, city→cities, wife→wives

规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾, 变y为i+es sky→skiesfly→flies

问句。一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句。

1) 一般疑问句:助动词/be动词+主语。

are you a teacher? do you want to h**e a cup of tea?

2) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。

what is your name?

3) 选择疑问句:or

do you want beef or lamb?

there be 句型。

there be 句型——表示**有什么东西(某处有某物)

there is+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)

there is a book in this room.

there is a pen on the table

there are+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)

there are two pens on the table.

there are three schools there.

变疑问句将be动词移到句首。

is there a book in this room?

are there two pens on the table?

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