高三英语重点知识复习指导 特殊句式

发布 2021-04-28 23:34:28 阅读 8617

之前的重点句型中,已经为同学们简单总结了一些特殊的句型,今天为大家进一步补充我们在考试中最常见到的四种特殊句式:全部倒装、部分倒装、省略句和反意疑问句。

一、全部倒装。

1. there be句型:可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用live,exist,remain,stand等作谓语。例如:

1) there are many students in the classroom.

2) long long ago, there lived a king who loved horses very much.

2. 用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,或以out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调。例如:

here comes the bus.

out went the children.

3. 由then引起,谓语为come,follow的句子。例如:

1) then came a new difficulty.

2) then followed eight years of the anti-japanese war.

4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常引起全部倒装。例如:

in the middle of our school stands a high building.

5. 表语放在句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如:

1) gone are the days when they would do what they liked.

2) present at the meeting were professor white, professor smith and many other guests.

6. 表语放在句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。例如:

1) gone are the days when they would do what they liked.

2) present at the meeting were professor white, professor smith and many other guests.

二、部分倒装。

1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。

例如:only then did i realize the importance of english.

注意:①在only+状语从句+主句结构中,主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。

only when you h**e finished your homework can you go to the cinema.

only修饰主语,不倒装。only tom knows how to deal with the tough situation.

2. 否定词(短语)开头的句子:

表示否定意义的副词never,nor,neither;

表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little;

含有no和not的词组by no means(绝不),in no time(很快),at no time(在任何时候都不),not until, not only … but also...no sooner...than

1) never shall i believe you again.

2) little did he know who the woman was.

3) not until i began to work did i realize how much time i had wasted.

3. 以so开头,用“so+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”表明前面叙述的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或物,译作“也,同样,也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用“neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语”。

译作“也不是,也没有”。例如:

the boy left home, and so did his sister a week later.

i don’t think i can walk any further.

neither can i. let’s stop for a rest.

注意:当so表示对前句内容的肯定、附和或进一步强调前面所说的情况,译作“的确,正是”时,用正常语序。例如:

tom works hard.

so he does and so do you.

4. 如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,had,可以把if省略,而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。

例如:if there should be a flood, what would we do? →

should there be a flood, what would we do?

5. 频度副词及短语often,always,now and then,many a time,every other day等放在句首时,有时也倒装。

例如:many a time has he come to comfort me.

6. 某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装语序。 例如:may you succeed!

三、省略句。

1. 如果复合句中的时间、条件、原因状语从句用了主语+be+分词结构,且主、从句主语一致时,可省略从句的连接词、主语和be动词,只保留分词和其他成分。例如:

lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (lost in thought为as he was lost in thought的省略)

2. 如复合句中从句的句尾和主句相重复的话,从句的句尾可省略。例如:

1) li lei will play football if mike will (play football).

2) mary is going to sweep the floor because alice won’t (sweep the floor).

3. 在回答问句及其他形式的答语中,如有和上文重复的不定式时,在答语中只保留其不定式符号to,而把动词和其他部分省略。例如:

i’ll be away on a business trip. would you mind looking after my cat?

not at all. i’d be happy to. (i’d be happy to后省略了look after your cat)

4. 在英语中,有一些特殊的省略结构,如:what/how about...why not do...等实际上已形成了习惯用法。例如:

i usually go there by train.

why not try going by boat for a change?

四、反意疑问句。

反意疑问句是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简单问句。

完成后一部分简单问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;反之,前一部分为否定式,后一部分要用肯定式。

反意疑问句的一般情况:

1) 当陈述部分的主语是everyone,everybody,someone,no one,nobody,somebody等时,其附加部分的主语强调全部可用they,强调个体也可用he。例如:

somebody phoned while i was out, didn’t he?

everyone knows what money means, doesn’t he/don’t they?

2) 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加问句中的主语分别用it和they。

例如:this is important, isn’t it?

these are your friends tom and jack, aren’t they?

3) 当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,nothing等时,附加问句中的主语用it。

例如:everything seems all right now, doesn’t it?

4) 陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词,如:never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,no,none, no one,rarely,nowhere,nothing,nobody,few,little等,附加问句一般用肯定式。

例如:she seldom goes to the cinema, does she?

常见句型的反意疑问句:

1) 当陈述部分是there be句型时,其后的附加问句也用there。

there will be a special exhibition on tomorrow, won’t there?

2) 祈使句后面的反意疑问句问题:

祈使句是否定形式,附加疑问部分只能用will you。

don’t forget the meeting, will you?

祈使句是肯定形式,附加疑问部分用肯定、否定均可。

give me some cigarettes, will you/ won’t you?

复合句的反意疑问句。

当陈述部分是“i’m sure,i’m afraid,i don’t think(suppose,expect,imagine,believe等)+宾语从句”结构时,附加问句应与从句主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意陈述部。

分的否定转移现象。

例如:i’m sure that he is late for school, isn’t he?

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