1. on/upon+doing 一….就…
upon finishing his studies，he started tr**elling in china.
类似表达：the monment/the minute/the instant/instantly/immediately/directly+从句。
2.主语+le**e/eft+宾语+宾补。
listen to me，young man—we left you in charge！
le**e vt. 使某人/某物处于某种状态，宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、分词、不定式、分词短语等。
sb. do
justin’s sister,kelly,aged nine,says she heard her brother return home at about
hear 的用法有hear sb. do 听到sb做sth，是省略了to的不定式，表示做完了某事；还有hear sth done的搭配，表听到某事被做。
i heard him call me.
i heard my name called.
said to do据说=be said that
the yeti is said to be a large ,hairy animal that walks on 2 feet like a human being.
类似的用法：it is thought /supposed/reported/believed that …
it is reported that 7 people lost their lives in that traffic accident.
引导的从句。
he disagreed with whatever we decided.
whatever 还可以在句子引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what引导从句。
whatever（=no matter what）decision he made，i will support it.
疑问代词和疑问副词+ever表示无论，如whoever 无论是谁，wherever无论那里，whenever无论何时，however无论怎样，然而。
possible
比较结构用法：as+形容词或副词原级+as 像…一样。
as+形容词或副词原级+可数名词单数/可数名词复数/不可数名词+as
he is as clever as his brother.
状语从句的省略现象；当从句的主语与主句的主语一致，而且从句中又有be动词时，常常将从句的主语和be 代动词省略。如果从句主语与谓语为被动，则用如为主动，则用。
unless （they are）invited，they won’t attend the meeting .
8.强调句it is/was…that/who…
强调句式：it is/was+被强调的部分+that/who(被强调部分指人时)+其他，这个句式可以对主语、宾语和状语进行强调。
he and his team found the tomb by chance.
it was he and his team that/who found the tomb by chance.强调主语。
it was the tomb that he and his team found by chance.强调宾语。
it was by chance that he and his team found the tomb.
9．once…一旦…
once out in the street相当于once she was out in the street，作时间状语。当从句主语与主句主语一致时，从句可以省略主语。
once 可用作连词意为一…就，一旦。
once he arrives，we can start.
once 还可以用作副词，意为一次，曾经。
attention please，i’ll repeat the question once more.
someone 发现自己处于某种状态；不知不觉地。
at midnight ，he found himself lying on the wet groud》
find +复合宾语结构。
find +宾语+宾补（现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、to be+形容词）
when he woke up，he found himself tied on a tree。
11.主语+be+形容词+不定式（常用不定式主动形式）
the boy is difficult to teach。
all characters were developed from drawings of objects
not 与all，both，every，always，altogether，entirely，everybody，everything，everywhere连用表示部分否定。
not every one likes this book。=some people don’t like it
people were buried alive，and so was the city。
so+情态动词/助动词/+sb/sth是一个倒装句型结构，表示上文中sb/sth怎样，下文中上的sb/sth也怎样，其中情态动词、助动词和系动词在人称和数上要与下文中的主语保持一致，在时态上与上文相一致。表否定时用neither或nor
if you can do it ,so can i
if you go there ,so will i
注意：so it is with…和it is the same with…既用于肯定句，也用于否定句陈述两种以上的情况。
matter what 无论…都。
no matter+wh-是让步状语从句的连接词。
you should do it well no matter what you do.
同位语从句。
同位语从句一般修饰抽象名词，并且从句内部结构完整，用来说明解释前面这个名词的内容。常能跟同位语从句的名词有：idea、news、advice、suggestion、proposal、word、order、belief、plan、possibility，etc。
they worked out a plan that the meeting should be held on sunday.
16.现在分词结构作状语。
immediately，he got his things packed and went to icceland ，forcing his nephew tom to go with him.
本句中谓语动词为got…packed和went to，forcing his…是现在分词结构作状语，逻辑主语是he，跟force是主动关系，所以用forcing
get sth done意思是使…做…
17.主语+must h**e done
must h**e done 表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测，（过去）一定…，想必是….
it must h**e rained last night，for the ground is wet.
must do表示对现在情况的肯定推测；must be doing 表示对现在正在进行的动作的肯定推测。
it’s already 8 o’clock class must begin now。
way…--的方法。
the way （that）表示…的方法，that引导定语从句 ，修饰the way ，关系词也可以用in which 引导或省略关系词；way 后的定语还可以用of doing /to do的形式。
i‘ve got no way of contacting him at all
what’s the right way to say this in english。
our duty to try to cut back on production
句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
常见的it句式归纳：
a. it’s a pity （a shame，a fact）that…
b. it’s strange（obvious，true，good，possible，likely，clear）that…
c. it seems （happened，turned out，occurred to me）that
d. it is easier to say than to do
i had the chance，i would h**e a cloned baby tomorrow.
此句是虚拟语气中的非真实性条件句，表示与过去事实相反，基本结构是：if …had done…，.would/could/might/should h**e done…
if your brother had listened to the teacher carefully ,his english would h**e improved a lot .
另外，虚拟语气中的非真实条件句还可以表示与现在事实相反，基本结构是：if …did/were…,…would/could/might/should do…
if i were the president of italy，i would think about taking away his license.
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