目的状语从句。
他们低声说话，以防被人听见。
they spoke in whispers lest they should be heard.我将一整天待在旅馆里以防有mary的消息。
i shall stay in the hotel all day in case there is news of mary.我们做了这样的安排，以便我们总有一个人在值班。
we h**e so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.
结果状语从句。
那么多人来听**会，以致有些人没法进来。
so many people came to the concert that some couldn’t get in.她很聪明，否则我早就瞧不起她了。
she had intellect, otherwise i would h**e scorned her.把这喝掉，否则你会生病。
drink this, else you will be sick.
条件状语从句。
如果我没有加入这个学习小组，我就不会把这件事做成。
i wouldn’t h**e been able to make it through, if i were out of this study group.除非我们有一份刊物，否则我们不能发挥我们的影响力。
we can’t exercise our influence unless we h**e an organ.设想你有一百万英镑，你会怎么花呢？
suppose you had a million pounds, how would you spend it?只要你答应十一点钟前回来，你可以出去。
you can go out, as long as you promise to be back before 11 o’引导的条件状语从句的倒装：
如果不是他们帮忙，我们会陷入严重的困境。
were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.如果我们做了充分的准备，我们或许就成功了。
had we made adequate preparations, we might h**e succeeded.
原因状语从句。
既然他们忘了给我打**，我就得给他们打了。
since they’ve forgotten to phone me, i’ll h**e to phone them.既然他以前拒绝帮助我们，我们现在也没有理由去帮助他。
seeing he refused to help us, there’s no reason why we should now help him.鉴于他才刚刚开始，他对此已懂得相当多了。
considering he’s only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.
某些“be+形容词”结构后的从句也说明原因：
你被选上了，你应该感到很骄傲。
you should feel very proud that you h**e been chosen.他很生气没人相信他。
he is annoyed that nobody believe him.他们很失望她不能再呆久些。
they are very disappointed that she can’t stay longer.
让步状语从句。
尽管他待她那样差，她还是爱他。
she still loved him even though he had treated her so badly.即时你付我一千英镑，我也不干这事。
i wouldn’t do it, even if you paid me a thousand pounds.不管在**，你父亲都会想着你。
wherever he is your father will be thinking of you.她决心成为一名歌手，不管遇到什么困难。
she was going to be a singer no matter what difficulties she met.虽说我很想来，但我来不了。
much as i would like to come, i can’t.不管费多大劲，我都无法劝说他改变主意。
try as i would, i couldn’t prevail upon him to change his mind.尽管疲惫不堪，她却毫无能够入睡的希望。
exhausted though she was, there was no hope of her being able to sleep.
比较状语从句。
她知道的东西比我在她这年龄时知道的要多。
she knows more than i did at her age.我做的没有我希望的那么好。
i h**en’t done as much as i should h**e liked.
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