状语从句。
一． 时间状语从句 ：when; while; as; after; before; since; until; till; as soon as ;once ..
when / while /as
一）when / while / as
1. when: 1）时间状语从句，一般用词。
2）并列连词，强调两个动词同时性：be about to do...when / be doning...
when / be just at(on) the point of doing...when
3）原因状语从句=since; now that 表示显而易见的原因。
2．while : 1）时间状从：从句一定要用延续性动词 / during
2）表示“对比”，翻译为“但是，然而”
3）表示让步；翻译为“尽管”=although
4）表示条件； 翻译为“只要”
while there is life, there is hope.
3. as : 强调“一边。一边”
二）before “在。之前”/ 才。就。
1. it was a long time before the rain stopped last night.\
2. it wasn’t long before the rain stopped last night.
3. it won’t be long before you catch up with your classmates.
4. it will be long before you catch uup with your classmates.
三）since : 从。时候开始。
1. 时态：有since做时间状语，句子用现在完成时。但是：
it has been five years since i came here .=it is five years since i came here.
2. since 引导时间状语从句中 ：动词为延续性动词，表示动作的结束。
动词为短暂动词，表示动作的开始。
it has been five years since i became a teacher 我做老师已经5年了。.
i t has been five years since i was a teacher. 我不做老师已经5年了。
四）hardly...when / no sooner...than ：还没怎么样呢就怎么样了。
1. 时态：hardly和 no sooner所在的句子要用过去完成时；
2. 语序：hardly 和no sooner 位于句首时，它们所在的句子要用倒装。
hardly had we arrived home when it began to rain.
五) 可以用来引导时间状从的非连词。
1． “一。就。the minute / the moment / the instant / immediately
2. “每一次。every time / each time
3. “第。次“ the first time / the last time
4. “下一次。next time
5. “当…时候”the time
六) until conj. /prep
he didn’t come back until 9 o’clock last night.
it wasn’t until 9 o’clock that he came back last night.
not until 9 o’clock did he come back last night. (不完全倒装)
二． 地点状语从句 ： where ; wherever
i will follow you wherever you go.
三． 原因状语从句：because; as ; since ; when ; now that ; for; seeing that; considering that
because : 语气最强，回答why 的提问。
as : 语气稍弱，可与because 互换，表达直接原因。
since : 表示显而易见的原因；“既然“
for: 语气最弱。表示推测的原因。
it must be dawn, for the birds are singing.
they can’t be at home, for the lights are off.
四． 目的状语从句 ： in order that / so that / for fear that（为了不做。
i got up early this morning in order that i could catch the first bus.
we got to the station early for fear that we would miss the train.
he took an umbrella with him in case it rained.(如果万一)
五． 结果状语从句：so that; so ..that ; such...that ;
i got up early this morning so that i caught the first bus.
六．让步状语从句：although; though; as; even if; even though; while；whether...or; 特殊疑问词+—ever / no matter + 特殊疑问词。
1. even if / even though 语气最强。
2. though引导的让步状从可以倒装也可以不倒装；as引导的让步状从一定要倒装。
adj. /n. /v原形+as + 其他（名词前不会出现冠词）
3． 特殊疑问词+—ever 既可引导状语从句，也可引导名词性从句；而no matter +特殊疑问词只用来引导状语从句：
you can take away whatever you like.
whatever / no matter what you like, you can take it away.
however late he comes home, his wife always waits for him.
4. whether … or…
whether you are an old person or you are a teenager, you will be attractive by him.
七． 条件状语从句：if; unless; on condition that; supposing / supposed that; providing / provided that; as/so long as；in case
八． 比较状从：as; than;
he is taller than me. =he is taller than i am. =he is taller than i u
九． 方式状从： as; as if ; as though
as if / though 引导方式状从的虚拟。
十． 其他一些需要注意的东西：
一) 状语从句的省略。
前提：1. 状语从句结论：从句的主语和be 省略。
2. 从句主语与主句主语一致，
3. 从句谓语动词是be
二） 从句的时态问题：主将从现（ 时间状从，让步状从；条件状从中用现在时表示将来）
don’t get off the bus until the bus has stopped.
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