英语时间状语从句的用法及有关说明。
一、普通类从属连词。
引导时间状语从句的普通类从属连词有when（当……时），while（在……期间），as（当……，一边……一边……）before（在……之前），after（在……之后），since（从……以来），till/until（直到），whenever（无论何时），as soon as（一……就）等。如：
when i went into the classroom, he was reading. 当我走进教室时，他正在看书。
he read a news***** as he went along. 他边走边看报纸。
we must strike while the iron is hot. 我们必须趁热打铁。
i will tell you after they le**e. 于他们走后我再告诉你。
i told him to come back whenever he wants to. 我告诉他什么时候想回来就回来。
i waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回来。
once time is gone, you will never get it back. 时间一旦失去就再也得不到了。
注意：在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。如：
i’ll telephone you as soon as i get there. 我一到达那里就打**给你。
she said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她说她一到达那里就给我**。
don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 等车停稳后才下车。
二、含 time的短语。
可引导时间状语从句的 time 短语有every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time 等。如：
every time i listen to music, i’ll think of it. 每当我听**，我就想起这事。
he didn’t tell me anything the last time i saw him. 上次我见到他时他什么也没告诉我。
each time she moved her head she let out a moan. 她每转动一下头，就发出一声呻吟。
三、表示“一……就……”
除as soon as外，还有三类：名词型——the moment, the minute, the second, the instant；副词型——immediately, directly, instantly；句式型——no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely…when…。如：
the moment i saw him i knew that there was no hope. 我一看到他，就知道没有希望了。
i came immediately you called. 你一来**我就来了。
i had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 我一到家就下起雨来了。
如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。如：
hardly/scarcely had i got home when it began to rain.
no sooner had i got home than it began to rain.
四、对before从句的理解。
before的本意为“在……之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有……就……，趁着还没……就……，不知不觉就……，才……”等。如：
i had not sat long before he came back. 我没坐多久他就回来了。
he almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他几乎把我撞倒才看到我。
before i could get in a word, he measured me. 我还来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。
i’ll water the flowers before it gets dark. 我要趁着天还没黑把花浇好水。
be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生，后做先生。
time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it. 时间过得飞快，她不知不觉就在那里度过了三个月。
i will die before i will betray my country. 我宁可死也不会背叛我的国家。
英语地点状语从句的用法及考点说明。
一、引导地点状语从句的从属连词。
主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等：
put the medicine where children can’t reach it. 把药放在孩子们拿不到的地方。
you can’t camp where [wherever, anywhere] you like these days. 如今你可不能随便在哪儿宿营。
everywhere jenny goes she’s mistaken for her sister. 无论走到哪个地方，詹妮都被误认为是她妹妹。
二、地点状语从句考点说明。
有的考生认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多，误认为考试不会涉及，但恰恰相反，地点状语从句却是各类语法考试经常考查的一个知识点。请看以下考题：
1) when you read the book, you’d better make a mark __you h**e any questions.
a. at which b. at where
c. the place where d. where
2) after the war, a new school building was put up __there had once been a theatre.
a. that b. where
c. which d. when
3) you should make it a rule to le**e things __you can find them again.
a. when b. where
c. then d. there
4) she found her calculator __she lost it.
a. where b. when
c. in which d. that
以上四题均选where，其意为“在…的地方”，用以引导地点状语从句。
英语原因状语从句的用法及有关说明。
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because(因为), as(由于), since(既然), now(that)(既然), when(既然), seeing (that) (由于，鉴于), considering (that)(考虑到), given (that) (考虑到)等。如：
i do it because i like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
as it was raining, i stayed at home. 由于下雨，我便呆在家里。
since you're not interested, i won't tell you about it. 既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。
now that you are well again, you can tr**el. 既然价钱恢复了健康，你就可以去旅行了。
how can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television? 他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了， 还能学什么东西呢？
seeing that you’re already at the door, i suppose i must invite you inside. 鉴于你已到了门口，我想我必须邀请你入内。
considering he’s only just started, he knows quite a lot about it. 考虑到他只是刚刚开始， 他对此的了解已经不少了。
she can drive by herself because she has passed her test. 她现在可以独立开车了，因为她已经通过了驾驶考试。
given that she is interested in children, i am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子， 我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。
i’m afraid we don’t stock refills for pens like yours because there’s little demand for them. 对不起，我们没有你那种笔的笔芯，因为销路不好。
注意：1. considering 和 given 还可当介词。如：
considering his age, the little boy reads very well. 就他的年龄来说，这小孩读得挺好的。
given her interest in children, i am sure teaching is the right career for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子， 我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。
2. 表示“因为”的连词不能与表示“所以”的 so 连用。如：
译：因为他病了，所以没有出席会议。
误：because he was ill, so he didn’t attend the meeting.
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