初中英语分类练习。
—定语从句。
复习目标】
掌握定语从句的意义及作用。
区别各类引导词。
课前准备】
要求学生用定语从句造五个句子。
知识要点】
在复合句中 ， 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句 ， 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 ， 引导定语从句的有关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that等和关系副词where, when, why等 ， 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成份。
1.由who引导的定语从句中 ， who用作主语 ， 如 ： this is the boy who often helps me.
2.由whom引导的定语从句中，whom用作宾语，如：the man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
3.由whose引导的定语从句中 ， whose用作定语 ， 如 ： do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4.由which引导的定语从句中，which用作主语或谓语动词的宾语或介词的宾语，如：
the room in which there is a machine is a work shop.
the river which is in front of my house is very clean.
this is the pen which you want.
注意 ： 1)whom, which用作介词宾语时 ， 介词可放在 whom、which之前 ， 也可放在从句原来的位置上；但在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。如：
he is the very person whom we must take good care of.
2)引导非限制性定语从句时，必须用关系代词which，不用that,如：i h**e lost
my bag, which i like very much.
3)关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致。
5.由that引导的定语从句中，that可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语，如：
the book that i bought yesterday was written by lu xun.
注意在下面几种情况下必须用 that引导定语从句。
1)先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等 ， 如 ：
all that we h**e to do is to practise english.
2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，如
] that i got from him will be kept.
3)先行词被all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰 ， 如
i've eaten up all the food that you g**e me.
4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时如
he is the only person that i want to talk with.
5)先行词既有人又有物时，如：
they talked about persons and things that they met.
6)当句中已有who时 ， 为避免重复 ， 如 ： who is the man that is giving us the
class?
6.由when, where, why引导的定语从句，如：
i don't know the reason why he was late.
this is the place where we h**e lived for 5 years.
i'll never forget the day when i met mr li for the first time.
注意：先行词是表示地点时，如果从句的谓语动词是及物的，就用 that(which)，如果从句的谓语动词是不及物的，就用where引导。this is the house which /that he has lived in for 15 years.
(where he has lived for 15 year.)
7. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1)限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等，这些关系代词都不能省略。
2)非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明 ， 没有这种从句 ， 不影响主句意思的完整 ， 一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 ， 关系代词用 which,不用that;指人时可用who,如 ： i h**e two brothers, who are both students.
8．如何简化定语从句。
1）.定语从句简化为形容词或形容词短语作后置定语。如：
my grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.
my grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在离这儿很远的一个村子。
this is a book that is worth reading.
this is a book worth reading. 这是一本值得看的书。
2） 定语从句简化为现在分词或现在分词短语作前置或后置定语。
the man who is standing under the tree is our english teacher.
the man standing under the tree is our english teacher.
站在树下面的那个人是我们的英语老师。
i saw the house that was burning at that time.→i saw the burning house at that time.
当时我看到那房子在燃烧。
3）定语从句简化为过去分词短语作后置定语。
i like to see the films which are directed by zhang yimou.→i like to see the films directed by zhang yimou. 我喜欢看张艺谋导演的电影。
she is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→she is the girl praised at the school meeting. 她就是在校会上受表彰的那个女孩。
4）定语从句简化为不定式作后置定语。
he is always the first person that comes to school.→he is always the first person to come to school.他总是第一个到校。
the report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→the report to be given tomorrow is important to us. 明天要作的报告对我们很重要。
5）定语从句简化为what 从句。
i couldn't remember the words that he said.→i couldn't remember what he said.
我记不得他说的话。
典型例题解析】
例 1 the second book __i want to read is business @ the speed of thought.
a. which b. what c. that d. as
解析先行词 book被序数词修饰时要用that引导定语从句，故选c。
例 2 i'll never forget the days __i stayed with you.
a. when b. in which c. that d. for which
解析本题指时间，故选 a。
例 3 the book___is sold out at the moment.
a. you need b. what you need
c. which you need it d. that you need it
解析 b、c、d中的what和it与先行the book相抵触 ， 故选 a。
例 4 is this the place __lincoln once lived.
a. that b. which c. where d. when
解析本题指地点，故选 c。
例 5 i'm one of the boysnever late for school.
a. that is b. who are c. who am d. who is
解析本题中 who用作主语，谓语动词与先行词the boys保持一致，故选b。
选讲例题】
例 6 her sister,__you met at my home, was a teacher of english.
a. whom b. that c. which d. who is
解析非限制性定语从句中 ， 关系代词用 which,不用that,但指人时用who或whom.故选a。
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