短文改错口诀：
动词形，名词数； 注意形和副；
非谓动词细辨别； 习惯用法要记住；
句子成分多分析； 逻辑错误须关注。
一。 动词形。
主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如：
my f**ourite sport is football. i was member of our school football team. (is)
now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。
二。 名词数。
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：
…so that i’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
三。 区分形和副。
及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如：
i’m sure we’ll h**e a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (unfortunately)
需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
四。 非谓动词细辨别。
这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如：
in my spare time, but now i am interesting in football. (interested)
play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … playing)
my parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述。二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。
五。 习惯用法要记住。
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如：
it was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
we must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
六。 句子成分多分析。
不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如：
they ∧eager to know everything about china and… (were)
i live in beijing, where is the capital of china. (which)
第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。
七。 逻辑错误须关注。
与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：
the smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
first, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
… no way of setting the matter except by selling the someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主语是smiths(史密斯夫妇俩)，因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”?第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。
除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误)，以及冠词的用法错误等。
1. 冠词：定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the；a, an的混用，特别注意：
hour, honest等虽然首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开头，故用an，而useful, university, european, one-hour等虽然首字母是元音字母，但却以辅音音素开头，故用a。如：
as everyone knows, it’s ˇfamous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 76 （nmet 2002）
此处famous前应加上冠词a
2. 连词：不合句中的逻辑关系。如需转折连词（如but)的时候用了承接连词(so)，或相反等等。如：
（1）the food was expensive and the service was good. 84（nmet 2002）
根据句意，此句中连词and应改为 but 。
（2） i am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t seem to work. 84 （nmet 2004）
此句中since应改为but。
i)there are lots of great places in the town which you can eat without 1. _
spending too much because of i'm always short of money! there are also some 2. _
place where it costs a lot, so don't forget to read the menu before going in. 3. _
the first place is gino's. it's an italian restaurant where serving the usual things 4. _
like pizzas and spaghetti. it's really cheaply and very friendly. then there's 5. _
black's bistro. this is a caféwhich is opened all day and you can eat anything 6. _
there from toast, sandwiches, salads, burgers and full meals. again it's not 7. _
expensive and is very popular with young people. and finally, how about 8. _
peppers? go there if you want some really nourishing mexican food. mexica 9. _
food can be bit hot, but you can choose dishes which are milder too. 10. _
ii)it is one thing to land science instruments on mars; however, it is quite 1. _
another to establish a base for humans to explore planet. daytime temperatures 2. _
can be rise above freezing, but, because of the extremely thin atmosphere, 3. _
the sun heat radiates back into space. even at the equator, the temperature 4. _
drops -50℃at night. in fact, there is no ozone(臭氧) layer to keep out 5. _
ultr**iolet(紫外线的)radiation, and hardly some oxygen for either breathing 6. _
and burning conventional fuels. but despite all these problems, scientists are 7. _
currently working transport and clothing for mars and an artificial environment 8. _
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