一、考查热点介词的用法。
例1:—when do we need to pay the balance?—_september 30.(2006北京卷)
a. inb. byc. duringd. within
析:b。由语境逻辑可知,该空表示“到为止”。
例2:thisnewmodelofcarissoexpensivethatitis___thereachofthosewith**erageincomes.(2006江苏卷)
a. overb. withinc. beyondd. below析:c。soexpensive暗示该空表示“超出之外”。
例3:in order to change attitudes __employing women, the government is bringing in newlaws.(2004北京春季卷)
a. aboutb. ofc. towardsd. on析:c。该空表示“对的(态度)”。二、考查“动词+介词”短语的区别。
动词+介词”短语是最常见的介词短语,高考对其考查有下列几种可能性:(1)考查“动词(不同)+介词(不同)”短语的区别。
例1:the building around the corner caught fire last night. the police are now __the matter.
(2006湖北卷)
a. seeing throughb. working outc. looking intod. watching over
析:c。由主语和宾语之间的语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“调查”,因此应填looking into。
see through看透;work out解出;watch over守卫,保护。例2:—the boss said we had only three days to finish the work.
—don’t worry. we h**e already __two thirds of it.(2006四川卷)
a. got downb. got throughc.
given ind. given away析:b。
don’t worry.与already之间的语境逻辑暗示该空表示“完成”,因此应填got through。get down下来,取下,写下;give in屈服;give away赠送,泄露,分配。
(2)考查“动词(相同)+介词(不同)”短语的区别。
take, make, pick, turn, go, get, set, put, give, le**e, keep, cut, call, pull等动词构成的不同介词短语是高考考查的重点。
例1:with no one to __in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.(2006陕西卷)
a. turn tob. turn onc.
turn offd. turn over析:a。
helpless暗示该空表示“求助”,因此应填turn to。turn on打开;turn off关掉;turnover翻开。例2:
the internet has brought __big changes in the way we work.(2005北京春季卷)a. aboutb.
outc. backd. up
析:a。主语和宾语间的逻辑性暗示该空表示“带来”,因此应用bring about。
bring out拿出;bring back归还,使记起,使恢复;bring up吐出,抚养。(3)考查“动词(不同)+介词(相同)”短语的区别由同一介词、不同动词组成的介词短语也是历年高考考查的重点。备考时应重点注意out, for,up, into, off, on, in, through, to等活跃介词构成的“动词+介词”短语。
例1:this picture was taken a long time ago. i wonder if you can __my father.
(2005湖北卷)
a. find outb. pick outc. look outd. speak out
析:b。was taken a long time ago暗示该空表示“挑选”,因此应填pick out。
find out找出,发现;look out当心;speak out直言不讳地说。
例2:could you please tell me where you bought the shoes you __yesterday?(2005辽宁卷)
a. tried onb. put onc. had ond. pulled on
析:c。“你可以告诉我你昨天穿着的那双鞋是在**买的吗?
”tryon试穿;puton穿上(表动作);h**e on穿着(表状态);pull on很快穿上。三、考查“介词+名词/代词”短语的用法。
介词+名词/代词”是常见的介词短语,主要由by, for, in, on等活跃介词+名词/代词构成。例1:i would like a job which pays more, but __i enjoy the work i’m doing at the momen(2006浙江卷)
a. in other wordsb. on the other handc.
for one thingd. as a matter of fact析:b。
but暗示该空表示“另一方面”,因此应填on the other hand。in other words换言之;for one thing首先,举个例说;as a matter of fact实际上。
例2:no one helped me. i did it all __myself.(2005全国卷i、ii)
a. forb. byc.
fromd. to析:b。
no one helped me.暗示该空表示“独立地”,因此应用by oneself短语。for oneself为某人自己,亲自;to oneself独用地,在心中。
四、考查“介词+名词+介词”短语的区别。
介词+名词+介词”也是常见的介词短语,开头介词多为in, for, at, by等活跃介词。
例1:mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwas___it.(2006陕西卷)
a. in f**our ofb. in memory ofc. in honour ofd. in search of
析:a。while的对比性语境逻辑暗示该空应填against的反义词,表示“赞成”,因此应填in f**our of。
in memory of为纪念;in honour of为纪念,为向表示敬意,为庆祝;in searchof寻找。
例2:john became a football coach in sealion middle school __the beginning of march.(2005上海卷)
a. onb. forc. withd. at析:d。at the beginning of在一开始。五、考查对“be+形容词+介词”短语的识别。
be+形容词+介词”短语中,形容词多半表示人的心理,介词多为with, of, about, to, for, in等活跃介词。
例:—you know, bob is a little slow __under-standing, so...so i h**e to be patient __him.
(2005重庆)
a. in; withb. on; withc. in; tod. at; for
析:a。be slow in在(方面)迟钝;be patient with对耐心。六、考查对介词式插入语的区别。
由介词in构成的插入语一向是高考考查的重点,常见的有in fact, in turn, in return, in general,in a word, in other words, in one’s opinion等。
例:acleanenvironmentcanhelpthecitybidfortheolympics,which___willpromoteitseconomic development.(2006山东卷)a.
in natureb. in returnc. in turnd.
in fact析:c。由语境逻辑可以推出该空表示“反过来”,因此应填in turn。
in nature性质上;in return作为报答;in fact实际上。
七、考查对with引导的独立结构的识别。
with+名词/代词+不定式/现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/介词均可构成独立主格结构。该结构在句中作状语,其中不定式强调未来动作,现在分词强调动作正在进行,过去分词强调被动动作。
例1:itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied___hisworksunfinished.(2004福建卷)
a. forb. withc. fromd. of
析:b。由语境逻辑和句子结构可知,his works unfinished为“名词+过去分词”独立主格结构作伴随状语,因此前面可加with。
例2:__two exams to worry about, i h**e to work really hard this weekend.(2004北京卷)
a. withb. besidesc. as ford. because of
析:a。two exams to worry about构成名词+不定式独立主格结构作原因状语,表示未来动作,因此该空应填with。
八、考查对介词+关系代词which+不定式结构的识别。
介词+关系代词which+不定式”常作后置定语,表示“在/用可的”,被修饰名词往往为不定式所表示动作的地点或工具。
例:frank’s dream was to h**e his own shop __to produce the workings of his own hands.(2005湖南卷)
a. thatb. in whichc.
by whichd. how析:b。
该空表示“在里面可的”,因此应填inwhich,构成“介词+关系代词which+不定式结构”作后置定语。
九、考查对介词+关系代词which/whom引导的定语从句的识别。
介词+关系代词which/whom可引导定语从句。解题时可将定语从句与先行词连成一句,缺什么介词就由什么介词+which/whom引导定语从句。
例1:i saw a woman running toward me in the dark. before i could recognize who she was,shehad run back in the direction __she had come.
(2006重庆卷)
a. of whichb. by whichc.
in whichd. from which析:d。
定语从句与先行词可连成she had come from the direction,因此该空应填from which引导定语从句。
例2:shewaseducatedatbeijinguniversity,__shewentontoh**eheradvancedstudyabroad. (2006陕西卷)a.
after whichb. from whichc. from thatd.
after that
析:a。定语从句与先行词可连成she went on to h**e her advanced study abroad after she waseducated at beijing university,因此该空应填after which引导定语从句。
十、考查对介词宾语形式的判断。
几乎所有介词后均应接动名词而不接不定式作宾语,但是but, except除外。例1:how about join us?(2006福建卷)
析:about为介词,后面应用动名词作宾语,因此join应改为joining。例2:
i’m looking forward to hear from you soon.(2006江西卷)
析:look forward to中的to为介词,因此后面应用动名词作宾语,hear应改为hearing。
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