一、时态。
1．一般现在时
1）表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用 “usually通常， often常常， every…每…, sometimes有时，always总是，”等词。
2）基本结构：
i / you / we / they he / she / it
肯定句动词原形动词第三人称单数形式。
否定句 don’t + 动原 /doesn’t + 动原。
一般疑问句(yes/no) do… ?yes, i do. does…(动词原形)…?no,she doesn’t.
特殊疑问句 what do …?how does she…(动词原形)…?
3) 动词第三人称单数形式（同名词单数变成复数方法相同）
1 一般情况 +s 如：walk-walks
2. 辅音字母+y结尾去y +ies fly-flies
3. 结尾是 s, x， sh, ch +es watch-watches
4. 特殊的 do-does ,h**e-has, go-goes
2．现在进行时，1）表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now现在， look看，linsen听”.
2）基本形式： be + 动词ing
eg: i am(not) doing my homework.
you/we/they are(not) reading.
he/she/it is(not) eating.
what are you doing?
is he reading?
3）动词的现在分词形式（动词+ing）
一般情况 +ing walk—walking
结尾是不发音的 e -e + ing come—coming
重读闭音节双写最后一个字母+ing run-running
swim-swimming
3. 一般过去时。
1） 表示过去已经发生的事情，通常用 “last …上一个…, just now刚才， a moment ago刚才， yesterday昨天”等词。
2） be 动词的过去式： am/is—was are—were
3）过去式基本结构。
肯定句（positive） 动词过去式 i went shopping last night.
否定句(negative) didn’t + 动词原形 i didn’t go shopping last night.
一般疑问句(yes/no) did …+动词原形…? did you go shopping last night?
特殊疑问句(wh-) what did…+ 动词原形…? what did you do last night?
4）词过去式的变化：
规则动词的变化：
一般动词 +ed planted,watered,climbed
以不发音的e结尾 +d liked
辅音字母加y结尾 -y+ ied study—studied, cry- cried
重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写最后一个字母+ed stop –stopped
plan - planned
不规则动词的变化：
原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式。
teach taught/ h**e had /go went
keep kep/t think thought /do did/ find/ found
sleep slept/ buy bought /eat ate /say said
feel felt/ drink dran/k is/am was/ take took
read read /give g**e /are were/ sing sang/ meet met/
cut cut/ begin began/ speak spoke/ make made
ring rang/ write wrote/ see saw/
fly flew/ run ran/ ride rode/ come came
draw drew/ sit sat/ hear heard/ tell told/
learn learned/ learnt get got/
4．一般将来时。
一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next sunday等时间状语连用。
结构：be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形。
例如：i’m going to visit my grandpa next week.
二、人称代词。
主格 i we you he she it they
宾格 me us you him her it them
形容词性物主代词 my our your his her its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours his hers its theris
注：介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。）
三、可数名词的复数形式。
1.一般名词： +s a book –books
2.辅音字母加y结尾： -y+ ies a story—stories
3.以s, x，sh, ch ，结尾： +es a glass—glasses；a watch-watches
4.以f或fe结尾： -f 或fe 变为 ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
5.特殊的名词复数。
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, chinese-chinese, japanese-japanese
四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)
bread, rice, water, juice，milk，tea，coffee
五、缩略形式。
i’m = i am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is /he has(got)
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not didn’t=did not weren’t=were not wasn’t=was not let’s=let us i’ll=i will
六、some /any的用法
1.肯定句中用some：i h**e some toys in my bedroom.
2.问句和否定句中用ang：do you h**e any brothers or sisters?
he hasn’t got any pencils in his pencil-case.
3.询问想要什么时用some：would you like some juice?
can i h**e some stamps?
七、 there be结构。
1.肯定句（有…）：there is +单数或不可数名词。
there are +复数。
注：遵循就近原则，看靠there be最近的。
2.一般疑问句（有…吗？）:is there …?yes, there is./ no, there isn’t.
are there…? yes, there are. /no, there aren’t.
3.否定句（没有）： there isn’t ….there aren’t….
be句型与h**e(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；h**e(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
八、祈使句。
sit down please
don’t sit down, please.
let’s go to the park.
注：祈使句中动词用原形）
九、(情态)动词can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用动词原形。
1. i / he / she / they can sing. may i come in? i must go now.
2. you should be quiet in the library.
3. you’ll be good friends.
十、特殊疑问句。
what 问什么事，什么物或什么工作) what are you doing？ i’m reading.
what is that? it’s a book.
ｗhat is she?(what’s her job?) she’s a nurse.
what colour(问颜色) what colour is your coatit’s red.
what time（时间） what time is it?
what’s the time? it’s seven.
when什么时候) when do you get up? i get up at six thirty.
when is your birthday? it’s on the 21st of december.
which（哪一个） which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one? the yellow is mine.
who（谁） who is the man with a big nose? he’s my uncle.
whose（谁的） whose bag is it?
whose is this bag? it’s his bag.
where（**） where is my ball pen? it’s under the book.
why（为什么） why do you like summer? i like summer because…
how many （多少） how many books are there in the school bag? there are four books in the school bag.
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