1、a number of, the number of
a number of +可数名词,谓语用复数,意为许多,大量的……
the number of +可数名词,谓语用单数,意为……的数目。
2、able, capable, competent
able为常用词,指具有做某事所需的力量,技巧,知识与时间等,搭配是be able to do 如:a cat is able to see in the dark. (猫在黑暗中能看见东西。
)capable 指满足一般要求的能力,搭配是be capable of +doing。
competent 指“胜任”,“合格”,或受过专业技术等训练的,但不是超群的能力。如:a doctor should be competent to treat many diseases.
(医生应该能治多种病。)
3、above all;after all;at all; in all
above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。如:
but above all tell me quickly what i h**e to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。
after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如:
after all,your birthday is only two weeks away.毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。
he is,after all,a small child.他毕竟还是个小孩子。
he failed after all.他终于失败了。
at all用于否定句时,意为“丝毫;根本”,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底”,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;实在”。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感(如怀疑或惊奇等),意为“竟然”等。如:
he doesn’t like you at all.他根本不喜欢你。
are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事?
if you do it at all,do it well.若你真要做这件事,就得做好。
i was surprised at his coming at all.他竟然来了,我很惊讶。
in all意为“总共”,既可放在句首,也可放在句末。如:
there are 25,000 inuit in all.(=in all, there are 25,000 inuit.) 这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。
4、aboard, abroad, board, broad
aboard 在船(或飞机,车)上。如:i never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副词,在国外或海外。如:he often goes abroad.
board 为动词,上(船,飞机,车)。如:the passengers are boarding the plane now.
broad 为形容词,宽广的。如:he has very broad shoulders.
5、accept, receive
accept 接受,receive“接到”,“收到”。如:i received an invitation yesterday, but i didn’t accept it.
(昨天我收到了一个请柬,但并没有接受邀请。)
6、accident, incident, event
accident事故。如:a traffic accident (交通事故)
incident“附带事件”,在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件,事变。
event “事件”,指特别重要的事件,通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果,也指国家和社会的事件。
7-accurate, correct, exact, precise
accurate准确的,精确的。如:clocks in railway stations should be accurate.(火车站的钟应该是准确的。)
correct“正确的”,指符合一定的标准或准则,含有“无错误的”意味。它的反义词是incorrect, wrong.
exact“精确的”,“恰好的”,比“大体上正确”更进一步,表“丝毫不差”。它的反义词是inexact。
precise强调“精确”,“精密”。
8、accuse, charge, sue
accuse 指责,指控,常与of 搭配。如:his boss accused him of carelessness.
charge 常与with搭配。如:the police charged the driver with reckless driving.
sue 常与for 搭配。如:smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house.
9、acquire, require, inquire
acquire取得,获得,学到。如:acquire knowledge (获得知识)
inquire打听,询问。如:inquire a person’s name(问一个人的姓名)
require需要。如:we require more help. (我们需要更多的帮助。)
10、adopt, adapt
adopt (1收养。如:since they h**e no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl.
(他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。)(采纳,采用,通过。如:
he adopted our suggestion.(他采纳了我们的建议。)
adopt与adapt词形相近,后者的意思是“使适合”,“改编”等。
11、advantage, benefit, profit
advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位,机会或时机。如:he had the advantage of good education.
(受过良好的教育对他十分有利。)
profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。如did you make any profit last year? (你去年赚钱了吗?)
benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。如:i get no personal benefit from the business.(我个人从这家企业中并不获益。)
12、affect, effect
affect影响(动词)。如smoking affects health.
effect效果,影响(名词)。如:government policy will not h**e any effect on us.
13、afford, provide, supply
都有“提供,供给”的意思。
afford一般只用于抽象事物。
provide 和supply意思相同,两个词都和with连用,构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。
14、ago, before
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,常与一般过去时连用,不可以单独使用。
before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”,也可泛指以前,常和完成时连用,可以单独使用。
例如,i saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。
he told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。
15、agree on;agree to;agree with
agree on作“就……取得一致意见”解。例如:
the building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.
上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。
agree to有两层含义和用法:
其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意(答应)做某事”解。
例如: my father agreed to buy a new pen for me. 父亲答应给我买支新钢笔。
其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“计划/条件/建议等一类的名词或代词”。例如:
they h**e a greed to our plan. 他们已同意我们的计划。
agree with作“同意某人的意见”解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见”或“说的话”的名词或从句。例如:
he agreed with my opinions. 他同意了我的意见。
we agreed with what he said at the meeting. 我们同意他在会上讲的话。
16、alive, living, live
alive 指虽有死的可能,但仍活着,一般只作表语。
living可用于人或物,作定语时可前可后。
live只做前置定语,用于动物和个别事物前。
17、almost, nearly
一般说来,almost比nearly 表示的意思更接近“开始”、“完成” (目标)等。
在all, every, always 前,两者都可用。如:he is almost (nearly) smoking. (他几乎每天抽烟。)
almost可同never, no, nobody, none, nothing 连用,而nearly却不能。如:almost no one believed her.
(几乎没人相信他。)
18、alone, lonely
alone只表“独自”的客观状态,没有感**彩,只作表语;lonely表“孤独”,:寂寞”,能作定语和表语。如:
when she is left alone, she feels lonely. (剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。)
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