从高考题看with复合结构的用法。
我们先看几道高考题:
1、i couldn’t do my homework with all that noise___2023年北京卷)
a. going on b. goes on c. went on d. to go on
2、__two exams to worry about, the students h**e to work really hard this weekend.(2023年北京卷)
a. with b . besides
c. as for d. because of
3、it was a pity that the great writer died __his
works unfinished.(2023年福建卷)
a. for b. with
c. from d. of
4、__production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.(2023年全国卷)
a. as b . for
c. with d. through
5their son away to college , the old couple got more room in the house.(2023年重庆)
a. as b. for c. through d. with
简析:答案为a a b c d.不难看出五道高考题考查的都是with+复合宾语结构,这是一个经常遇到的特殊结构。
它是由with+宾语+宾补构成,其中充当宾补的成份呈多样性。如;例1中由with+宾语+现在分词(going on)组成,此结构作原因状语;例2.中由with+宾语+动词不定式(to worry about)构成,也作原因状语;例3中由with+宾语+过去分词(unfinished)构成,作伴随或结果状语;例4中with+宾语+副词(up)组成,此结构作原因状语。
例5中with+宾语+副词(away)构成,此机构也做原因状语。
with的复合结构灵活实用,在高考中多次出现,但得分率低,希望能引起广大师生的重视,现将此结构的用法归纳如下,以供同学们参考。
一、简洁实用性。
with复合结构,因其灵活简洁的特点(可以替代定语从句和状语从句),常常出现在语篇里,使得文章句子结构紧凑,描述形象生动,为文章增色不少。如:
she saw a stream with red flowers and green grass on both sides.(定语)
她看到一条小溪,两岸长着红花绿草。
jane left office angrily, with tears in her eyes.(伴随状语)
简愤怒地离开了办公室,眼里含着泪水。
the baby was sleeping in bed, with his lips moving. (伴随状语)
那个婴儿睡在床上,他的双唇不停地动着。
with the problems settled, the smiths were very happy.(原因状语)问题解决了,史密斯夫妇非常高兴。
二、灵活多样性。
结构多样和功能多样,前面也提到了此结构中充当宾补的成份多样化,可以由介词短语,形容词、副词、分词及不定式充当。而且这种结构常常在句中作状语,多用来表示行为方式或伴随情况,也可以表示时间、原因、条件等等。在句中也可作后置定语,修饰前边的名词,说明人或事物的特征,因此它可以和相应的状语、定语从句转换。
分述如下:
1、with+名词/代词+介词短语。
the teacher came in, with a book in her hand. (伴随情况状语)
老师手里拿着书进来了。
the boy with a school bag on his back is my son. (定语)
那个身背书包的小男孩是我儿子。
there is a river with lines of trees on both sides. (定语)
那儿有一条两岸长满树的小河。
we sat on dry grass with our backs to the wall.(方式)
我们倚着墙坐在干草上。
2、with+名词/代词+形容词。
he was writing a letter at his desk, with the window open. (伴随)
他在书桌旁写信,窗户敞开着。
the boy couldn’t speak with his eyes full of tears.(原因)
男孩眼含泪水,泣不成声。
3、with+名词/代词+副词。
john went out, with no hat on.(伴随)
约翰没有带帽子走了。
the city looks more beautiful with the lights on.(原因)
灯火通明时,这个城市看起来更漂亮了。
4、with+名词/代词+现在分词。
析:表示动作与句中谓语动作同时发生,结构中的名/代词与现在分词是主动关系。
with the boy leading the way, we walked through the forest.(原因)
男孩在前面带路,我们穿过了森林。
she felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.(原因)
那么多人看着她,她感觉非常紧张。
with winter coming on , it’s time to buy warm clothes.(原因)
随着冬季的到来,到了买保暖的衣服的时候了。
i won’t be able to go on holiday with myself being ill. (原因)
我病了,无法和你一起去度假了。
5、with+名词/代词+过去分词。
析:此句型中名/代词与过去分词是动宾关系,动作一般发生在主句谓语动作之前,表示该动作已经完成。
the thief was brought in, with both hands tied back.(伴随)
with everything bought, he left the supermarket.(时间)
一切购置完毕后,他离开了超市。
all the afternoon ,she cried with herself locked in the room 。(方式)
她把自己锁在房间里哭了一个下午。
6、with+名词/代词+不定式。
该结构中动词与前面的名词或代词是主动关系,而且该动作还未发生,表示将来。
with him to help us, we’ll finish the work in time.(原因)
有他的帮助,我们会及时完成这项工作。
i couldn’t go out with all these dishes to wash. (原因)
有这么多盘子要洗,我不能出去。
with so many problems to settle , the newly _elected president will h**e a hard time. (原因)
有那么多的问题要解决,新任**要过一段艰难困苦的日子了。
so in the afternoon ,with nothing to do ,i went out around of the bookshop. (原因)
由于无事可做,下午我去书店转了一下。
总之,掌握with 复合结构的特点,并加以练习,才会运用自如。不仅在基础知识考察中立于不败之地,而且在写作中还可以作为较高级的句式结构使用,使得句子结构更加紧凑,描述更加形象生动。
句子翻译练习:
1. 了却了一件大心事,他就**睡觉了。
2. 他们就这件事没谈一句话三天后就动身了。
3. 没有人帮助我们怎么进行下去?
4. 你怎么开着窗子睡觉啊?
5. 他头枕着手臂睡着了。
6. 他没有关电脑就出去了。
答案:1 with a great weight taken off his mind , he went to his bed .
2. three days later , without another word exchanged on the subject ,they started off.
3. without anyone to help , how can we go on ?
4. why did you sleep with the windows open ?
5. he was asleep with his head on his arm .
6. he went out with the computer on .
山东省日照市日照二中英语教研组王兴英。
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