作者：董明义。
**：《中学生英语·中考版》2024年第01期。
词汇是一种语言的重要基础，对于词汇的考查，综观近几年各地的中考试卷，词汇是一项必考内容，而且任何题型的考查内容都是将词汇放在一定的语境中进行考查，要求学生注意单词在句子中的确切含义与正确形式，而不是孤立地死记硬背单词。词汇考查在命题上体现了“词不离句”的原则。近几年来中考对词汇的考查重点及热点主要是：
1. 单词的拼写。常见的题型有：
①根据句意及所给的首字母提示写出所缺单词；②根据句意及所给的汉语提示写出所缺单词。这种题型是融词法、句法、语义、词形于一体的综合运用语言知识的主观性测试题，突出考查学生的语言运用能力。
2. 词形转换。主要考查：
①动词的多种形式（第三人称单数）、过去式、过去分词、动名词、不定式等）；②名词的单数、复数形式及所有格形式；③形容词（或副词）的比较级、最高级，形容词变为副词；④动词变为名词（考虑单、复数）；⑤名词与形容词的互变；⑥代词的主格、宾格、形容词性及名词性物主代词、反身代词；⑦基数词变为序数词。常见的考查题型为：根据句子意思，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
3. 词语的理解。常见题型为：从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，每空限填一词，每词限用一次。常用于句子或短文中两种形式进行考查。
4. 词语释义。常见题型为：①根据句意和英文释义写出单词；②选择能替换划线部分的选项。
真题演练：一、请根据所给首字母或中文提示，写出单词在句中的正确形式。每空只能填一词。（2012广西桂林）
1. my english teacher drives her c to work every day.
2. there are f seasons in a year.
3. —is it your dictionary？
no， it’s not m .
4. we usually s the floor before the spring festival.
5. project hope has raised money and p for the education of 2.7 million poor students.
6. mother g**e me a new （书包） as a present on my birthday.
7. don’t be （害羞） when you speak english to foreign friends.
8. i like the pink and white dress very much， it feels （柔软的）.
9. people could h （几乎不） believe their ears when they heard the news about wu bin.
10. people not only in china but also from many other countries are still （受影响） by confucius’ thoughts.
二、根据句意及汉语提示，填写句中所缺的单词。（2012山东滨州）
1. they h**e english and math on （星期一） morning.
2. we often borrow some books from our school （图书馆）.
3. i don’t know if mary is （好） at swimming.
4. can you tell me the （首都） of canada？
5. september is the （九） month of a year.
6. we should take an （积极的） part in physical exercises.
7. we are strongly against dropping litter
到处）.8. lucy often plays tennis to relax （自己） after school.
9. the boy is so （聪明的） that he can work out the problems easily.
10. it is impolite to （指） at anyone with your chopsticks while eating meals.
三、根据句子意思，用括号中所给汉语提示或英语单词的适当形式填空，在试题的横线上，写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式。（每空一词）（2024年扬州市）
1. our school is as beautiful as . 他们的）
2. nobody that the shengzhou ix will help us know more about space. （怀疑）
3. yesterday was father’s day and it was just my cousin’s birthday. （二十）
4. as a citizen， we mustn’t do anything
the law. （违反）
5. mr. wu always spends a lot of time
things to us. （解释）
6. too many sweets are bad for teenagers’
（tooth）
7. i asked her if she was ready to go， and she
（nod）
8. most people prefer days because they can enjoy themselves outside. （sun）
9. you can’t imagine how terrible the earthquake is. （******）
10. our english teacher will go abroad for
education next month. （far）
四、根据括号内的汉语提示，完成句子。（每空一词） （2012湖北黄冈）
1. the young man found it difficult to h**e dinner because some of his （牙齿） had been pulled out.
2. tom and linda h**e been （结婚） for ten years， but they’ve never quarreled.
3. if you want to become a good marathon athlete， you must practice （跑步） every day.
4. he manages over 100 big companies. he is considered to be one of the most （成功的） businessmen in china.
5. their answers to the question were not the same， that’s to say， they answered the question （不同地）.
6. when you communicate with your american e-pal on the internet， the e-mails are supposed to be （写） in english.
五、用所给词的适当形式填空。（ 2012贵州安顺）
1. boys and girls， i hope you are proud of
you）.2. jerry’s father has just had his （forty） birthday.
3. if you get scared （easy）， don’t watch thrillers.
4. mr. scott made a living by （sell） old things.
5. the boys like playing basketball because they think they can be （relax）.
六、根据句子意思，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空，每空填一词。（2012江苏常州）
1. english dictionaries are very （use） to you when you study english.
2. could you pass the （knife） to me？ we need them to make pumpkin lanterns.
3. don’t be （patient）！you should listen to what he is saying first.
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