基本概念：与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject),谓语动词(verb),宾语(object),表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
句型一：主语+不及物动词。
不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。 the rain stopped .
the old man walks in the park .句型一的扩展：
1.主语+不及物动词+状语。
the machine works smoothly. (机器运转正常。)
+不及物动词+主语 there is some milk in the bottle .there comes the bus .
3.主语+不及物动词+动词不定式。
they stopped to take a short rest . 他们停下来稍作休息)特别提醒：
动词stop可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时，通常后接动词不定式，表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词，表示停止做这件事。
they stopped taking a rest .
句型二：主语+系动词+表语。
系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。 my sister is a nurse .i feel quite hungry .
the ball is under the desk .
句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语。
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。 we are learning english .do you know him ?
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your radio needs repairing .she hopes to see her uncle.
句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。
有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。 her mother bought her a me the book, please.
特别提醒。a.在此句型中，通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。
her mother bought a skirt for her .give the book to me , please .
直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：give(给), tell(告诉) ,lend(借给) ,sell(卖), teach(教) ,send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) ,return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), le**e(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)
间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：
buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)
b.如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。
i handed it to our teacher .不能说：i handed our teacher it .
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c.此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。 her mother bought her a skirt .
a. she was bought a skirt by her mother .b.
a skirt was bought for her by her mother.
句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。
及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，副词，动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。 we elected li yang our news made us sad.
she saw the thief steal into the shop .the teacher asked me to answer the question .i found the man stealing the money .
i found my money stolen .特别提醒a.
b.现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。c.
d.在let(让)，make(使得)，h**e（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(**)，feel(感觉到)，listen to (倾听)，look at (看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”. we hear her sing next is heard to sing next door .
e.f.此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。 they saw him steal the oldman’ was seen to steal the oldman’smoney .
英语五大基本句型练习。
am sorry to h**e kept you __只供学习与交流。
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a. wait b. to wait c.
waiting d. found her dog __over by a car on the runb. rand.
to rund. running3. rose is going to h**e her hair __a.
do b. done c. did d.
doing4. she felt somebody __her.
a. touched b. touches c. touch d. to touch5. she taught him __speak english.
a. how b. how could he c. how he could d. how the play because he __
a. was boring b. bored c. was bored d. will make your dream __
a. comes true b. to come true c. coming truly d. come warned __home .
a. us to not go b. us not to go c.
we not go d. us not go9. canned food does not go __
a. bed easily b. badly easy c.
bad easy d. badly sad news kept her __all the awake b. waken c.
wake d. to think __a bad habit to get up late .a.
that b. it c. this d.
found his money __
a. steal b. stealing c. stolen d. to in bloom smell __
a. sweetly b. sweet c. sweeten d. must h**e the machine __
a. to repair b. repairing c. repair d. was lying in the sofa __a book.
a. reading b. read c. to read d. to reading
television set will keep us __of the news of the day.
a. informb. to informc.
informedd. speaker found himself __all left b. le**e c.
le**ing d. to speaker found himself __
a. misunderstand b. misunderstandingc.
misunderstood d. to misunderstand19.-my watch is broken.
–whydon’tyou __
a. take a repairer your watchb. take your watch a repairerc.
take to a repairer itd. take it to a repairer
heard you went to the museum yesterday andcouldn’tfind __the how to return tob. how you could go forc. the way back ford.
the way back was my birthday. my mother __只供学习与交流。
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a. made a cake to me b. made a cake me c.
made for me a cake d. made me a cake22. the teacher __john a good student.
a. believesb. knowsc. suggestsd. fine boating, _
a. will we d. shall in the classroom, _
a. will you b. do you seldom has lunch at home, _he?
a. has does had to get up early, _we? don’tc.
had d. had tom do the job, _you?a.
did had us h**e another look, _you?a. will b.
would came, _
c. did he d. did ought to hand it in today, _we?
wait for ten more minutes, _
a sandwich, _
a. would you b. do you
is the third time this week john has had to study late, _and i did it together, _
c. did you should h**e completed it earlier, _
a. should they c. h**e they you may take it if you want to, _
must h**e told mr. smith the secret, _
b. must you d. h**e disliked the skirt his father bought her, _
a. did she c. was she said he was not there then, _
did he d. was he40. i suppose he is honest ,
b. do i d. is he41. idon’tthink he is serious, _
do i d. is the job, _she ?
aren’ta teacher, are you?只供学习与交流。
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a. yes, i am not b. no, i am c. no, but i was d. yes, iwasn’t44.- is your sister?
she is a teacher in a middle school.
a. who b. what c. whichd. where45.-how are your parents
a. they are doctors b. they like sweet foodc. they are fine d. they are fifty
46. -will you get married to him. -in a month.
a. how soon b. how long c.
how often d. how much47. there __two films this week in our is b.
h**e c. h**e been d. has
48. there __a lot of news about the fire on tv last was b. had c. were d. is
used to be a temple there, _
used there there __a stream in front of our lies b. has c. stand d. lie
只供学习与交流。
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