一英语的词类。
名词 （n如 book, computer, water.
代词 （pron.） 如 i, you, his.
动词 （v如 come, write, bring.
形容词（adj./a.）如 happy, surprised, clear.
副词 （adv./ad） 如 here, today, happily.
数词 （num.） 如 four, sixty, fourth.
介词 （prep.） 如 on, under, about.
连词 （conj.） 如 and, or, when.
冠词 （art如 a, an,the.
感叹词（int.） 如 oh, ouch,dear.
动词分为四类：实义动词（及物动词，不及物动词），系动词，助动词，和情态动词。
1. tom works in this factory and works a new machine.
2. my uncle runs a big shop.
3. the girl looks happy and looks happily at everyone.
4. you needn’t buy a walkman but you need a new record.
5. her mother stays young and stays at home every day.
6. our manager hasn’t come because she has a few guests to receive.
7. do you often do your homework at home?
句子基本成分。
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，是动作的发出者，一般位于句首。
1 during the 1990s, american country music has become more and more popular.
2 we often speak english in class.
3 one-third of the students in this class are girls.
4 to swim in the river is a great pleasure.
5 smoking does harm to the health.
6 the rich should help the poor.
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
1. i don't like the picture on the wall.
2. the days get longer and longer when summer comes.
3. do you usually go to school by bus?
4. what i want to tell you is this.
5. we had better send for a doctor.
6. he is interested in music.
表语用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem，感官动词等）之后。
1 our teacher of english is an american.
2 the weather has turned cold.
3 his job is to teach english.
4 his hobby is playing football.
5 soon they all became interested in the subject.
6 time is up.
7 she was the first to learn about it.
8 three times seven is twenty one.
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
1. my brother hasn‘t done his homework.
2. people all over the world speak english.
3. they didn't know who "father christmas" really is.
4. how many new words did you learn last class?
5. some of the students in the school want to go swimming.
6. the old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
定语。用来修饰名词或代词的成分是定语。单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前；但在修饰复合不定代词（如：
nothing, anything, everything, something等）时，则放在这些不定代词之后。短语和从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。
1、my brother likes playing basketball.我兄弟喜欢打篮球。（代词作前置定语）
2、there are few women workers in the factory.这个工厂女工很少。（形容词、名词作前置定语）
3、i h**e something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。（形容词作后置定语）
4、we h**e ten desks in the room.我们房间有十张书桌。（数词作前置定语）
5、the workers here come from sichuan. 这里的工人来自四川。（副词作后置定语）
6、yesterday the scientist made a report on modern science.这位科学家昨天给我们作了有关现代科学的报告。（介词短语作后置定语）
7、he was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。（形容词作前置定语，动词不定式作后置定语）
8、the boy playing the piano is my brother.弹钢琴的男孩是我的弟弟。（现在分词短语作后置定语）
9、the dormitory built last year is for freshmen.去年盖的宿舍时为大一新生准备的。（过去分词短语作后置定语）
10、this is the new dictionary which i bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的新字典。（定语从句作后置定语）
状语是什么。
状语。状语按用途可分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类。
1．地点状语：
the students are doing their homework in the classroom．学生们正在教室里做作业。
2．时间状语：
i learned a lot from the peasants when i lived in the countryside．我在农村生活时，向农民学到很多东西。
3．目的状语：
they set out early so that they might arrive on time．他们早点动身，以便准时到达。
4．原因状语：
she will not go home because she has to attend a meeting．因为要开会，所以她不能回家了。
5．结果状语：
li ming studied so hard that he caught up with the others very quickly．李明学习如此努力，结果很快赶上了其他人。
6．程度状语：
i nearly forgot what he had promised．
我几乎忘记了他答应的事。
7．方式状语：
he came singing and dancing．他唱着跳着走过来。
8．条件状语：
if you work hard at english,you will do well in english．如果你努力学习英语，你的英语成绩就会好。
9．让步状语：
he went to school yesterday though he was ill．
昨天他尽管有病，仍上学去了。
10．比较状语：
lesson two is not so difficult as lesson one．
宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明，才能使句子的意义完整。
1. i found the book interesting.
2. do you smell something burning?
3. he made himself known to them.
4. she likes the children to read news*****s and books in the reading-room.
5. he asked her to take the boy out of school.
6. she found it difficult to do the work.
7. they call me lily sometimes.
8. i saw mr. wang get on the bus.
9. did you see li ming playing football on the playground just now?
must keep it a secret.
宾语补足语就是用来对宾语加以补充说明的文字，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。可做宾语补足语的通常有名词，形容词、副词、不定式，分词等。
宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上往往有主表、或者主谓的关系。
i found him clever.
clever就是宾补，和him有主表的关系，即我们可以说：he is clever.
i saw her playing on the playground. playing就是宾补，和宾语her有主谓逻辑关系，即我们可以说：she is playing.
宾语补足语补有什么作用呢？
宾语补足语就是用来对宾语加以补充说明的通常是说明宾语的特征、性质、状态或者身份等。
句型一：主语 ＋ 不及物动词。
she came．
主语 ＋ 及物动词 ＋ 宾语。
she likes english.
主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语。
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