高三英语复习名词性从句讲义

发布 2021-05-20 04:03:28 阅读 8948

名词性从句讲义。

主语从句及引导词】

主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有从属连词that, whether, if;连接代词who, whoever, whom, what, whatever, whose, which;连接副词when, where, how, why等。

例句呈现】观察下列例句,指出其中所包含的主语从句及引导词:

1. what is needed for a long trip is careful preparation.

该句中主语从句是引导词为___

2. that jay zhou will come to my city excites everybody.

该句中主语从句是引导词为___

3. whether we will tr**el abroad or not has not been decided.

该句中主语从句是引导词为___

4. whoever knows the secret mustn’t tell others.

该句中主语从句是引导词为___

5. it remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago.

该句中主语从句是引导词为___

观察总结】通过分析上面例句,同学们可能会发现上面第5句中的主语从句似乎比较隐蔽。其实,这也是主语从句的一种呈现方式,即:当一个句子主语过长时,可以用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语或主语从句后移至句子末尾,以保持句子的平衡。

注意观察下列例句中的划线部分:

it is not clear how the accident happened.

it is not hard to understand why he did so at that time.

it is a pity that you should h**e made such a careless mistake.

it is reported that more than thirty deaths were caused in the accident.

不难看出,虽然上面例句中都用it作形式主语,但句子结构却不尽相同。现将常见的由it作形式主语的句型总结如下:

1. it is + n. +that从句。

2. it is + adj. +that从句,常见此类形容词有:

important, necessary, clear, certain, natural, strange, obvious, likely, impossible, possible 等。

3. it + 特殊动词 + that从句。

it seems / appears ..that ..似乎……

it happened (to sb.) that ..某人)碰巧……

4. it + be + 过去分词+ 主语从句。

it is said / reported / believed / suggested / known / proved that ..

要点精讲】1. what与that引导主语从句。

观察下列例句,试着翻译例句并总结其规律。

1) what you lack is self-confidence.

译为。2) that more and more students are admitted into universities is true.

译为。3) what is needed for the program is more wisdom.

译为。从上面例句可以看出,that引导主语从句时,在句中具有“两不”原则:一、不作句子成分;二、没有实际意义。

当它引导的主语从句置于句首时,that不能省略;如果用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时, that可以省略。而what引导的从句则恰恰相反,what在从句中的作用为:一、作句子成分;二、除了起到引导从句的作用外还要承担具体的意义。

巩固练习】 用what或that填空。

1) _he told us this morning was just a lie.

2) _is important to us is enough time.

3) it worries my mom __she is beginning to get a little fat.

4) _we can’t get seems better than __we h**e.

2. whether与if引导主语从句。

如果主语从句置于句首,不能用if引导,此时,需用whether。但如果用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时,也可以用if引导。

巩固练习】 用whether或if填空。

1) it doesn’t matter __he will come or not.

2) _we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

3) it was doubtful __tom really saw sharon.

4) _tom really saw sharon was doubtful.

3. 其它引导词。

连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的具体意义,起连接作用,同时在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等;whoever, whatever, whichever在意义上更为强调,常译为“无论……”连接副词when, where, why, how等也有各自的意义,起连接作用,并在从句中作状语。

高考链接】 从a、b、c、d四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. it is still under discussion __the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.

重庆2011)

a. whether b. when c. whichd. where

2. the villagers h**e already known __we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. (江西2011)

a. thisb. that c. whatd. which

3. _some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others. (北京2010)

a. whether b. what c. that d. how

4. it never occurred to me __you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. (陕西2010)

a. which b. whatc. thatd. if

5. it is uncertain __side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients h**e taken it. (浙江2010)

a. thatb. whatc. how d. whether

key:例句呈现】

1. what is needed for a long trip; what

2. that jay zhou will come to my city; that

3. whether we will tr**el abroad or not; whether

4. whoever knows the secret; whoever

5. why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago; why

要点精讲】1. (1)你所缺乏的是自信。

2)越来越多的学生将被大学录取的消息是真实的。

3)这个项目所需要的是更多的智慧。

巩固练习】1) what (2) what (3) that (4) what, what

2. 【巩固练习】

1) whether / if2) whether

3) whether / if4) whether

高考链接】 1-5 acbcb

第(1)课时。

课题:书法---写字基本知识。

课型:新授课。

教学目标:1、初步掌握书写的姿势,了解钢笔书写的特点。2、了解我国书法发展的历史。3、掌握基本笔画的书写特点。

重点:基本笔画的书写。

难点:运笔的技法。

教学过程:一、了解书法的发展史及字体的分类:

1、介绍我国书法的发展的历史。

2、介绍基本书体:颜、柳、赵、欧体,分类出示范本,边欣赏边讲解。

二、讲解书写的基本知识和要求:

1、书写姿势:做到“三个一”:一拳、一尺、一寸(师及时指正)

2、了解钢笔的性能:笔头富有弹性;选择出水顺畅的钢笔;及时地清洗钢笔;选择易溶解的钢笔墨水,一般要固定使用,不能参合使用。换用墨水时,要清洗干净;不能将钢笔摔到地上,以免笔头折断。

三、基本笔画书写。

1、基本笔画包括:横、撇、竖、捺、点等。2、教师边书写边讲解。

3、学生练习,教师指导。(姿势正确)4、运笔的技法:起笔按,后稍提笔,在运笔的过程中要求做到平稳、流畅,末尾处回锋收笔或轻轻提笔,一个笔画的书写要求一气呵成。

在运笔中靠指力的轻重达到笔画粗细变化的效果,以求字的美观、大气。5、学生练习,教师指导。(发现问题及时指正)

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