新世纪教育培训辅导材料---中考英语语法专项复习7___形容词详解及专练。
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语形容词,是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。
从命题意图看,侧重考查考生在具体语言环境中使用形容词的能力。中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词原级,比较级和最高级的各种句型、形容词作定语的位置、易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。其中,形容词比较等级句型、形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing时的位置,易混淆的形容词用法辨析等是考查的热点。
7.1形容词的一般用法:
1.作定语,放在名词前。例: a cold and windy day.2.作表语,放在系动词。例:he looks happy today.
3.形容词修饰something,等复合不定代词时,须放在其后。例:would you like something hot to drink?
4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。the river is about two hundred metres long.
5.只能作表语的形容词:afraid害怕;alone独自的;asleep睡着的;awake醒着的;alive活着的;well健康的;ill病的;frightened害怕的例:
the man is ill.(正)the ill man is my uncle.(误)
6.只能作定语的形容词:little小的;only唯一的;wooden木质的;woolen羊毛质的;elder年长的。
例如,my elder brother is in beijing.(正)my brother is elder. (误)
7.貌似副词的形容词:lonely独自的;friendly友好的;lively生动的;lovely可爱的。
8.复合形容词:snow-white雪白的 english-speaking说英语的;glass-topped玻璃罩的;full-time全日制的;well-known众所周知的;kind-hearted善良的man-made人造的;take-away可以带走的ten-year-old十岁的。
7.2多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:
限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)——描绘词(大小,长短,形状,新旧,长幼,颜色)——出处——材料性质——类别——名词例:a dirty old black shirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣。
7.3形容词常用句型:
1.“it’s +adj.+of+sb.
+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如good(好的),kind(友善的),nice(友好的),等。例如:
你能帮助我,真好。
2.“it’s+adj.+for+sb.
+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)necessary(必要的)difficult(困难的)等。例如,对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。
7.4形容词的比较等级:㈠、规则变化。
、不规则变化:
7.5形容词等级的用法。
原级的用法: 1.只能修饰原级的词:very,quite,so,too例如he is too tired to walk on.
2.原级常用的句型结构。
1)“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”tom is as old as kate.
2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…例如,this room is not as/so big as that one.
比较级的用法: 1.可以修饰比较级的词有:much,a lot,far,a little,a bit,even,still
2.比较级常用的句型结构:
1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”例如:tom is taller than kate.
2)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/都…”,含义是“甲最…”。例如,the yangtze river is longer than any other river in china.
注意:the yangtze river is longer than any river in japan.
3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+…”表示“甲是两者中较…的”。例:he is the taller of the twoboys.
4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越…”。例如,he is getting taller and taller.
5)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越…,越…”。例如:the more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you’ll make
6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级,甲or乙?”例如,which is bigger,the earth or the moon?
3.最高级常用句型结构。
1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“…是…中最…的”。
例如,tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students. this apple is the biggest of the five.
2)“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“…是…中最…之一”。
例如,beijing is one of the largest cities in china.
3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲,乙,or丙?”用于三者以上的比较。
例如,which country is the largest,china,brazil or canada?
形容词练习:
is the __the train station, the bus station or the airport? a. far b.
farthest c. father d. more far
the air in our home town isthan it was before. something must be done.
a. much better b. more worse c. more better d. much worse
was feeling tired last night, so i went to bed __than usual. a. early b.
earlier c. late d. later
our city, it’s __in july, but it is even __in august.
a. hotter; hottest b. hot; hot c. hotter; hot d. hot; hotter
the two australian students, masha is __one. i think you can find her easily.
a. tallestb. the taller c. tallerd. the tallest
good for your health to do __sports. a. much b. least c. more d. most
7.–mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -certainly, we can buy __one than this, but __this.
a. a better; better than worse; as good cheaper; as good as d. a more important; not as good as
8.–why don’t you ask tom to do it?--i don’t know whether he is __to.
he sometimes makes things worse.
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