代词。1,人称代词:主格——主语,表语(口语常用me代替i)
宾格——宾语,单独使用时,常用宾格做主语。
人称代词的排列顺序:
1)单数时:按2,3,1或3,2,1排列。
you,he and i are of the same age.
2)复数时,按1,2,3排列。
we,you and they are all good students.
3)第三人称男女两性排列时男先女后。
nobody agreed to this plan except him and her.
4)一群人中,有男女时则先称呼女性。
ladies and gentlemen,5)表示不吉祥之事时:
单数人称时:1,3,2排列。
i,he and you will be punished for being late.
复数人称时:3,2,1排列。
they, you and we should le**e there at once.
2.物主代词:形容词性物主代词——定语。
名词性物主代词——主语,宾语,表语。
3.反身代词——宾语,表语,同位语。
girl is too young to look after herself.
the other two are john and myself.
i went to the post office myself.
i went to the post office by myself.
常见短语:be onselfmake oneself at home
人)处于正常状态;显得自然不要客气,自便。
come to oneselfread oneself to sleep
苏醒过来,醒悟过来,恢复理性看书看睡着了。
devote oneself tospeak to oneself
专心于自言自语。
dress oneselfteach oneself
穿衣自学。enjoy oneselfwash oneself
使过得快乐洗澡。
express oneselfby oneself =alone
表达自己的想法独自地;单独地。
help oneselffor oneself =without other's help
自己来为自己;独立地;亲自地。
lose onselfof oneself
迷失自发地;自动地
4.相互代词——宾语,定语(所有格)each other,one another
we should learn from each other。
the students corrected one another's mistakes in their homework.
5.疑问代词——who,whom,whose,what,which
a.构成各种特殊疑问句。
b.引导名词性从句。
疑问代词的用法比较:
1)which & what
两者均可就人或物提问,但which一般用于有选择范围的情况,what用于无选择范围或不清楚选择范围的情况。
which would you like to eat---meat or fish?
what girls do you like best?
2)who & what
who多指姓名,关系等,what多指职业,地位等。
---who is he?--he is tom black.
---what is he?--he is an engineer.
3)who & which
who come from the northeast?
谁是东北人?(对人数未加限制)
which of you come from the northeast?
你们当中哪些人是东北人?(对人数有限制)
6.指示代词。
1)this,that,these,those
a.在句中作主语,宾语,定语和标语。
一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物;而that(those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。
一般指后面要提到的事物;而that(those)常指前面讲过的事物。
可指代前面提到过得短语,句子,从句,以免重复。
i tried to learn the poem by heart,but this was no easy task.
i'll pay you tomorrow. that'll satisfy you.
2)such—在句中可作主语,定语(such a),表语。
7.关系代词—who,whom,whose,that,which
8.不定代词。
& anysome+u.&c.(复) “一些”(用于肯定句)
some+c.(单某一”
some+数词大约”
some用于表邀请或请求的问句中,预期的答案是肯定的。
any+u.&c.(复一些”(用于否定句和疑问句中)
any+c.(单)/any of the+c.(复) “任何一个”
muchc.(a)few &(a)little quite a few
only a little
& both
侧重个体,可作主语,定语,表语和同位语。
every——侧重全体,“每个都”,在句子中只能作定语。
every day每天。
every two days 每隔一天。
every second day
every other day
every four days 每隔三天,每两天。
every fourth day
every few days 每隔几天。
否定句中如含有all,both,every,则表示部分否定。
& neither
g. no——作定语,修饰可数或不可数名词。
no one——用作名词,相当于nobody,只能指人,不接of短语。
none——用法相当于名词,指可数名词时,后接单/复数谓语,指不可数名词时,后接单数谓语。
i h**e no idea about it.
no one knows about it.
none of the money is mine.
none of the students h**e/has seen the film.
复数ones,所有格one's,反身代词oneself
只能代替可数名词,其前可加冠词(如a green one,the one in the corner)
i. it 同类同物。
one 同类异物,只代替可数名词,相当于a+n.复数为ones
that 同类异物,既可代替不可数名词,也可代替可数名词,相当于the+n复数为those。
your dress looks nice .when did you buy it? i'll buy one ,too.
the students in our class work much harder at english than those in their class.
j other “别的,其他的”,other+n(单、复数)
the other “(两者中的)另一,(两部分人或物中)其余的”
one。。。the other。。。
others 泛指另外一些人或物 some。。。others
the others 特指其余所有人或物=the rest
another “(在原有基础上)又一,再一”
another+n(单数),another+数词+n(复数)
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