状语从句。
引导状语从句的从属连词：（包括：时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，结果，目的，方式，比较等）
1 时间状语从句：
a. *when: 从句可用
1)非延续性动词，表点时间 =at the time when…
2)延续性动词，表段时间，此时可与while / as互换。
注： a)从句中的动作既可与主句动作同时发生 b)也可在主句动作之前或之后发生。后者不可与while/as 两者换用。
when i got home, he was h**ing supper. b).when(=before) i got to the party , some guests had left.
when(=after)he finished his work, he took a short rest.
3）也可做并列连词，“这时” be about to do/ be going to do/ be doing… when…
had hardly/just/scarcely/not done…when…
while:1）“在…期间”；从句只能用延续性动词，表段时间 =during the time when...
2）当“趁着”讲。
3) “尽管” =although
eg.__i admit that the problems are difficult, i don’t agree that they can’t be solved.
a. while b. when c. as d. because
3）也可做并列连词，表对比关系，“而”。
as: 1）“随着”，指动作的进程 (with也有“随着”之意，但是介词，只跟短语。)
一边```一边```强调主从句谓动的同时发生。
1he was in beijing, he made a lot of friends.--when /while in beijing,…
2he was studying in beijing, he made a lot of friends.--when /while studying in beijing,…
-->during the time when he was( studying) in beijing,…
3. _he arrived in beijing, he received a warm welcome.
-->at the time(when )he arrived in beijing,…/at the time of his arrival, …
4. _time goes on, the situation is getting worse and worse.
5. the atmosphere gets thinner and thinner___the height increases. (从句)
with the increase of the height. （短语）
6. the students took notes __they listened./ he hurried home, looking behind __he went.
7. strikethe iron is white-hot. 趁热打铁。
8. come and pay a visit to the park___all the flowers are in blossom. 趁着花还开着，去公园玩一趟吧。
9. i had hardly / scarcely closed my eyessomeone knocked at the door.
-->i had no sooner closed my eyes
10. the chinese prefers drinking teaamericans like drinking coffee.
b. before/after:
1. she had studied russian for three years __she was sent to the soviet union.
being sent to the soviet union.
21).it won’t be longwe meet again.
2). they hadn’t known each other longthey got married.
3. it seemed only seconds __the boy finished washing his face. 4)we hadn’t waited long __the bus came.
5). how time flies! two and a half years h**e passed __we know it.以上的before一律译成“就”
3. i’m afraid it will be 3 years __we meet again. 2).
i must finish the composition __i go home.此处译为“才”
4it was made into a movie, the novel became even more popular
-->being made into a movie, …
-->been made into a movie, …
5. three billion yearslife began, the earth is now the home to many different kinds of living things.
6. karaoke was spread to the whole world shortly / soonit was invented.
c. as soon as /once
the moment / the instant / the minute
immediately /instantly /directly
1) .the moment i saw him, i knew he was a warm-hearted man.
2) .as soon as the film star appeared on the stage, there arose a wild slap.
3) .the moment he entered the room, he fixed the chain across the door.--entering the room, he…
4) .immediately she heard the noise, she rushed into the room.--hearing the noise ,she …
d. till / until
1) .i knew nothing about ithe told me. buthe told me, i knew nothing about it.
2) .she stood (延续性动词用肯定式) there __they had passed out of sight. 她一直站到他们从视野中消失了为止。
3).she didn’t le**e/ go away (非延续性动词用否定式)there___they had passed …她直到他们看不见了才离开。
几组延续/ not+非延续性动词的比较：wait / not le**e stay here /not go away sit/not stand up lie/ not get up stand/ not sit down work / not stop working go on working/ not finish
4) .until we h**e thought it over , we’ll take __steps. a.
no b. any c. some d.
all
5) 将3）改成强调句式：
改成倒装句式：
6) .when will the concert begina. till 7:
30 b. not until 7:30 c.
not after 7:30 d. from 7:
30]在强调结构中或与 not连用时 ，多用until.
]时间状语从句可以缩略，常见形式：
1. don’t speak untilspeak) to. 2. oncesee ),it can never be forgotten.
3. he was a swimmer when a child /as a child. 4. relax yourself whenever possible.
5. he often makes mistakes whenspeak) english. [分词代替从句时， 主从句的主语必须一致。
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