中考英语语法专项复习主谓一致
主谓一致是中考英语的重要语法项目之一,从近年来中考的试题来看,中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择,完型填空等。做这类题时,必须找出句子的真正主语,然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。
同时,要遵循三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。
思维导图记知识。
主谓一致概述:
谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
1. 语法一致的原则。
1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:
he goes to school early every morning.
the children are playing outside.
to work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
both he and i are right.
mr black and mrs black h**e a son called tom.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:
his teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
the poet and writer has come.
(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
in our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
each man and each woman is asked to help.
(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:
the teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
nobody but two boys was late for class.
bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:
a lot of people are dancing outside.
the police are looking for lost boy.
(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:
is everybody ready?
somebody is using the phone.
(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词,如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:
where are my shoes? i can’t find them.
your trousers are dirty. you’d better change them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如:
here are some new pairs of shoes.
my new pair of socks is on the bed.
2. 意义一致的原则。
(1)表时间、距离、**、度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:
twenty years is not a long time.
ten dollars is too dear.
2)有些集合名词,如family, team等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。例如:
my family is big one.
my family are watching tv.
(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:
all of the work has been finished.
all of the people h**e gone.
(4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:
who is your brother?
who are league members?
(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:
it is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
(6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:
i h**e read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.
only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.
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