高考英语语法系统讲解之五动词和动词短语专题学案

发布 2021-05-14 14:08:28 阅读 3172

高中英语语法系统讲解之五。

动词和动词短语。

动词。一。 动词的分类方法。

1. 根据词汇意义可将动词分为以下两类:

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20', eqmath': o\\ac(○,1)'}状态动词:be,love,think,stay,remain,stand,sit,lie等。

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20', eqmath': o\\ac(○,2)'}动作动词:work,stay,sleep,arrive,finish,lend,open等。

温馨提示:动作动词又可分为延续性动词(动作可以持续一段时间)与非延续性动词(表示短暂的动作,不能持续)。

2. 根据动词的语法功能,动词的分类情况如下:

温馨提示:其中行为动词可根据其后是否带宾语,将其分成及物动词与不及物动词两类。有时同一动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。

二。 动词的语法功能及基本用法。

动词在句中起两种作用,即:作谓语和非谓语。动词作谓语,必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致,具有表示时态、语态、语气等方面的语法特征。

she sings very well. she wants to learn english well.

seeing is believing. we’re thinking of ****** a new plan for the next term.

三。 连系动词的用法。

1. 状态系动词只有be一词。如he is a teacher.

2. 持续系动词。

继续保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand。

如he always kept silent at meeting. this matter rests a mystery.

3. 表像系动词 “看起来像”,主要有seem,appear,look。

如he looks very tired. he seems (to be) very sad.

4. 感官系动词 feel,smell,sound,taste。

如this kind of cloth feels very soft. this flower smells very sweet.

5. 变化系动词 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run。

如he became mad after that. he grew rich within a short time.

6. 终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turn out,表达“证实,变成”之意。

如the rumor proved false. the search proved difficult. his plan turned out a success.

四。 助动词。

英语中助动词主要有be,do,h**e三个,它们的功能主要是帮助句中的谓语动词构成时态、语态、否定、疑问等形式。

1. 助动词be的用法。

助动词be主要用来构成进行时和被动语态,即:they are singing happily.

a. be + 现在分词构成进行时态。如the wall is painted blue.

b. be + 及物动词的过去分词构成被动语态。如。

2. 助动词do的用法。

助动词do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句句式,或对谓语动词进行强调。

如do you feel like going to the party on friday night? (形成疑问句)

air does weigh something, and you can prove it. (加强语气)

3.助动词h**e的用法。

a. 构成完成时态(h**e + v. –ed形式)

如she hasn’t bought a new pair of shoes since 1996.

b. 构成完成进行时态。如he has been working in this factory for twenty years.

4. 助动词shall(should)和will(would)的用法。

助动词shall(should)和will(would)构成一般(过去)将来时态shall(should)/ will(would)+ v.。如will they h**e anything to do tonight?

the secretary said that the talk would begin at eight o’clock.

五。 情态动词的用法(参见情态动词和虚拟语气部分)

六。 及物动词和不及物动词。

1. 不及物动词:本身意义完整,后面不需要接宾语,无被动语态。

如the rain stopped. what happened yesterday?

2. 及物动词:后面必须接宾语,有的后面接一个宾语,有的可以接两个宾语。

a. 单宾语。如he’s reading a magazine.

b. 双宾语。如mr zhang teachs us english.

c. 复合宾语:在接一个宾语的同时再接一个补语。如we often hear him sing in the park.

七。 延续性动词和非延续性动词。

1. 延续性动词。

延续性动词表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。这类动词有:contain,h**e,hold,lie,live,make,sit,rain,sleep,stand,study,wait,wear,work等。

此外,还有表示状态、感情、思维等的动词,如believe,consider,hate,hope,know,like,love,respect,think,understand,wish等也属延续性动词。

如this book has been put on the desk for a week. (

this book has been lying on the desk for a week. (

men put on suits when they attend meetings. (

men wear suits when they attend meetings.(√

2. 非延续性动词。

非延续性动词表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬间完成的。这类动词有:add,admit,answer,arrive,ask,attack,begin,break,bring,buy,catch,close,come,die,discover,fall,do,le**e,open,put on,sell,start,stay,stop,return,take off等。

如when did she know my e-mail address? (

when did she get to know my e-mail address? (

动词短语。动词短语指英语中有相当多的动词常和其他词类一起连用,构成一个固定词组,可看成一个整体,同一般实义动词一样使用。常见的动词短语的构成:

1. 动词 + 副词:break out,carry on,put forward,give up

2. 动词 + 介词:look after,care for,break through,look through

3. 动词 + 副词 + 介词:look down upon,put up with,do away with,break away from

4. 动词 + 名词 + 介词:take care of,pay attention to,put an end to,give rise to

5. be + 形容词 + 介词:be fond of,be familiar with,be suitable for,be used to

6. 动词 + 名词:h**e a look,h**e a try,make an appointment,take place

7. 动词 + 宾语 + 介词 + 名词:set … in operation,take / put … into account / consideration,turn … to advantage

8. 动词 + 宾语 + 介词 + 宾语:make …into …,combine … with …,free … from …,protect … from …

九。 高考高频动词短语。

1. break词组:break away from, break down, break into, break off“中断,折断,突然停止”, break out, break through, break up“打碎;分开”,break with“破除,和……决裂”

2. bring词组:bring about“引起;造成”, bring down, bring forward (=put forward), bring … into operation, bring out“显示出来;出版,生产”,bring up“提出;教育;培养;呕吐”

3. call词组:call in, call on, call out, call for, call back“回**”,call up“令人想起,给……打**”,call off“取消”,call at“访问(某地)”

4. come词组:come about, come across = come on / upon, come along, come at, come back, come back to life / oneself, come back to one’s mind, come down, come from, come in, come into being, come into effect / force, come into power / office, come into use, come on, come out“出版,(花)开,出来;结果是;褪色,消失”, come over, come to, come to know, come to school, come true, come up“走近;(从土中)发芽;被提出”

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