情态动词用法归纳。
一.shall和will的用法。
1、shall 用在第。
一、三人称,will 用于第二人称表示“征求意见”。
shall i go now?
shall we invite her, too?
will you help me with the work?
shall the reporters wait outside or what?
2、shall表示依据规定有义务去做。
passengers shall not talk with the driver while the bus is moving.
3、shall 用于所有人称,表示说话人的许诺、威胁、警告、命令等。
you shall h**e an answer by tomorrow.
if he’s good, he shall h**e a new watch for christmas.
if you children don’t do as i tell you, you shan’t go to the party.
4、would 可以表示过去的习惯(would 可表示反**生的动作或某种倾向。used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在)
he would come to see me on sunday when he was here.
the dog would lie there in the sun all afternoon.
when we were children, we would go skating every winter.
5、will可以表示“愿意”,而非将来:
i will pay you for it.
我会付给你钱买下它的。
go where you will.
到你愿意去的地方。
we’re going on a climbing trip. come if you will.
6、will可以表示倾向、习惯(总是会,老是等意思)
oil and water will not mix.
this machine won’t work.
二、can/could 的用法。
1、表示具备某种能力。(15、)
the nine-year old boy can swim across the river.
can you swim across the river?
we couldn’t get the truck to start.
2、表示“征询对方意见”和“允许”(could 语气委婉)。回答不用 could)
can /could i smoke here?yes, you you cannot.
could you tell me where john is?
3、表示“推测”。(否定句疑问句常见,肯定句也可以)
can/could it be true?
that can’t/couldn’t be true.
那不可能是真的。
will you answer the phone? it could be your mother)
三.may/might 的用法。
1、表示“征询对方意见”和“允许”。
may i turn on the tv?
yes, of course. yes, you can/may.
no, you can’t/may not /mustn’t /i’m afraid not.
you may go home now.
2、表示可能性,“也许”。常用于肯定句。(3、)
you may/might h**e some fever.
你也许发烧了。
he said that the news might be true.
他说这消息可能是真的。
they may/might be h**ing a bath.
他们也许正在洗澡。
四.must的用法。
1、表示“必须。
patients must use medicine according to the doctor’s orders.
2、表示推测,只用于肯定句。在否定句或疑问句中,用can/could:
there must be a mistake.
can/could there be a mistake ?
there can’t/couldn’t be a mistake.
he must be over sixty now.
they must be watching the news now.
they can’t/couldn’t be watching the news now.
3、注意must 的回答:
must the ladies wear dresses?
yes, they must. no, they don’t h**e to. /they needn’t.
can/may i come in?no, you can’t / mustn’t.
4.表示禁止。
children mustn’t go across the street alone.
五.表示“推测”的表达法总结。
1)表示对现在和将来状况的推测:must 一定,may 可能,might 也许,can’t 不可能。
2)对已经过去的情况的推测,用“情态动词+h**e+ done”结构:
must h**e done
过去一定已经…(只用于肯定句中)
can’t / couldn’t h**e done
过去不可能---表示否定)
may/might h**e done
可能已经---
needn’t h**e done
本来不必做---
could h**e done
那时本来可以…(在肯定句中,不可用can)
should h**e done
本来应该做---实际未做)
shouldn’t / oughtn’t to h**e done
本不应该做---实际做了)
例如:he must h**e been drinking beer.
他肯定一直喝啤酒来着。
the money can’t h**e been lost there.
钱不可能是在那儿丢的。
he may h**e gone to bed.
他可能已经**睡觉了。
she might not h**e settled the problem.
她可能尚未解决那个问题。
we could h**e solved the problem in a more reasonable fashion.
you should h**e come here ten minutes earlier.
she should / ought to h**e gone there alone.
六、need的用法。
1、作为情态动词,need一般只用于否定句和疑问句中。
you needn’t try to we stay here this evening?
2、need 作为实意动词可用在所有句型中。
she needs to come tomorrow.
you don’t need any help from others. do they need this?
七、dare的用法)
1.做情态动词,通常用于疑问句,否定句。
dare he swim across the river?
he dare not come to see me.
how dare you be so rude!你竟敢如此无礼!
2.做实意动词:
do you dare to ask her? 你敢问她吗?
he didn’t dare to go. 他不敢去。
八.should/ought to的用法。
两者大多数情况下可以互换。
1、表示道义上的责任,义务或要求,有时表示劝告。
如:you ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.
this word is spelt wrongly. there should be another “s”.
2. 表示讲话人惊奇,失望,愤怒等感情:
what’s happened to that money? how should i know?
那些钱怎么了?-我怎么知道?
why should i believe you?
我为什么要相信你?
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