动词分词讲解

发布 2021-05-14 13:35:28 阅读 2696

动词分词 (一)

分词也是动词的一种非限定形式,在句子中可以充当定语、表语、或是状语,有时也可以用在复合结构中。分词有两种,一种是现在分词,一种是过去分词。现在分词一般有主动的意思,过去分词:

被动。一、分词的句法功能。

1. 作表语。

现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征,过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。

i) the food smells inviting (诱人的). ii) the film is very interesting.

iii) i am very interested in this filmiv) the door remained locked.

能这样用的分词最常用的有:amusing, encouraging, confusing, disappointing, interesting, exciting, inviting, missing, pressing, promising, puzzling, surprising, shocking, upset, delighted, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, married, excited, experienced (有经验的), interested, confused, satisfied, tired, exhausted等等。这类分词几乎已经变成了形容词了。

造句练习:1.这是一部有趣的戏剧。我被逗乐了。(amusing/amused)

2.看到这令人困惑的地图,我感到更加疑惑了。(confusing/confused)

3.经过让人筋疲力尽的马拉松比赛后,tonny 感到精疲力竭。(exhausted/exhausting)

4.一则令人失望的消息。

5.尽管经过多次失败,我们不应该感到气馁。(discouraged)

2. 作定语。

a) 分词作定语的时候很多,单个动词分词形式一般放在被修饰的名词前。

i) our economy (经济) is developing at an astonishing (令人惊叹的) speed.

2) this is a pressing problem.

3) we need more qualified (合格的) teachers.

4) it is also called “the unfinished drama” (未完成的戏剧).

有时,过去分词也要求后置。 i) this is the only food left.

ii) the people interviewed (采访对象) are two high school students.

b) 分词短语作定语,一般放在被修饰词之后,相当于一个定语从句。现在分词一般用来表示正在进行的动作,或经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态,表示主动的意思,而过去分词可以表示或被动或已经完成的动作。

i) there are a lot of boys on the sports ground playing (=who are playing) football.

ii) they built a railway leading (=which leads) into the mountain.

iv) what is the language spoken (which is spoken) in this area?

v) why are farmers in some developed countries (发达国家) luckier than those in developing countries (发展中国家)?

但是如果定语从句和主句时态不一致,则不能用现在分词短语替代定语从句。同时,谓语动词是be或含有情态动词的定语从句也不能用现在分词短语替代。

i) the man who came this morning is our english teacher. (

the man coming this morning is our english teacher. (

注意:the man (who is) running is our english teacher. (who is)可以同时省略。

ii) those who are late are not allowed to enter the classroom. (

those being late are not allowed to enter the classroom. (

iii) is there anyone who can repair the computer? (

is there anyone repairing the computer? (

e) 过去分词短语作定语,一般放在被修饰词之后,含有被动的意思。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。

is this the book recommended (which has been recommended) by our teacher? 这是我们老师推荐的书吗?

如果定语从句中的被动动作表示现在正在发生,或与主句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,可以用现在分词的被动形式来引起短语作定语;如果定语从句中表示将要发生的被动的动作,可以用动词不定式的被动形式替换。(见分词的形式)

i) she said she knew the man being interviewed (采访). 表示正在发生的被动动作)

ii) h**ing been allowed to use my computer, he jumped with great excitement (兴奋). 表示已发生的被动动作)

iii) these are letters to be sent this afternoon. (表示即将发生的被动动作)

3. 作状语。

分词在句中可作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、行为方式和伴随状况,在意义上相当于相应的副语从句或并列句中的分句。

a) 现在分词短语可以表示伴随状况,通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作,来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。过去分词也常可以表示伴随状况,很多都说明动作发生的背景或情况。这类状语在句中的位置比较灵活。

i) i ran out of the house shouting.

ii) please fill in this form, giving your name, address, telephone number, etc.

iii) greatly interested, i asked how he created this idea.

iv) “he is right,” he said, very pleased.

注】用作状语的现在分词和过去分词形式短语的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。

i) walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers. (walking是we的动作)

walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful. (

ii) standing on the top of the mountain, we could see the whole city. (standing是we的动作)

standing on the top of the mountain, the whole city could be seen. (

iii) seen from the hill, the town looks beautiful. (seen的逻辑。

主语是the town)

seeing from the hill, the town looks beautiful. (

现在分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作(或状态)是同时发生的或几乎同时发生的,否则,现在分词需要用完成形式(见分词的形式)。

b) 分词短语有时可以用作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句。

i) seeing these pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those days they spent together.

ii) hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

iii) seen from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant.

有时分词前可以加when/ while/ until等连词。

i) be careful when crossing the street.

ii) he listened to his walkman while studying.

iii) once discovered, such mistakes should be corrected.

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