动词时态二。
真题再现】1.—hello, may i speak to mr. smith? —sorry, he isn't in. hethe office.
a. has been to b. has gone to c. has been away
2. i __mr. smith since he moved to shanghai.
a. didn’t hear fromb. don’t hear from
c. won’t hear fromd. h**en’t heard from
3. she___her hometown for many years. no one nearly knows her.
a. has been away from b. has left c. had left
4. our english teacher is very nice. wefriends since three years ago.
a. were b. became c. h**e beend. h**e made
5. he asked me where the 2012 olympics __held.
a. wasb. will be c. would be
6. i __tv when my parents came back.
a. am watching b. was watching c. watched
7. —you h**en't been to the west lake, h**e you?
but i will go there with my parents this summer vacation.
a. no, i h**en't b. no, i didn't c. yes, i h**e d. yes, i did
8. —what did the teacher say just now? —sorry, i didn’t hear it. iout of the window.
a. look b. lookedc. am lookingd. was looking
用法讲解】考试要求：
英语的动词的时态共有十六种，但是中考常考的主要有八种，一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去将来时，过去完成时等时态的构成和用法，而且前五种是考查重点，现在完成时尤其是时态考查的重点，也是难点。本节主要讲述一下现在完成时，过去将来时、过去进行时和过去完成时。
1. 现在完成时。
现在完成时的构成：
主语+h**e/has+动词的过去分词。
例如：i h**e watched the tv play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了。
we h**e lived here since 2008. 自从2024年我就住在这里。
现在完成时的用法：
1）表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，常用的状语有already, yet, not… yet, now, just, by this time等。
the bus has come here. 公共汽车已经来了。
someone has cleaned the window. 有人已经擦了窗户。
2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如this week, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。
we h**e been here for two years. 我们在这里两年了。
注意：（1）buy，borrow，die等非延续性动词（也称为瞬间动词）的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段时间的for短语及since短语（或从句）连用，这时要用相应的延续性动词。例如：
i h**e bought the bike for two years. (
i h**e had the bike for two years. (
由于buy是瞬间动词，无法延续两年，所以改为延续性动词had。
瞬间动词与延续动词的转换：
buy—h**e stop—be over le**e—be away come back—be back
borrow—keep die—be dead begin—be on fall asleep—be asleep
arrive—be here get up—be up join—be in／be a member
they borrowed the book two weeks ago. →they h**e kept the book for two weeks．
a month has passed since he left home.→ he has been away from home for a month.
2）注意以下表示法的含义及用法：
h**e been (to): 曾经去过或到过（某地）（表示某人过去的经历）
h**e gone (to)：去（某地）了 （现在可能在途中或已经到达某地）
h**e been in… +一段时间： 已呆在某地一段时间了。
he has been to hangzhou several times. 他到过杭州几次了。
he has gong to hangzhou, so he can’t help us. 他去杭州了，所以他不可能帮助我们。
she has been in london for half a year. 她在伦敦已经半年了。
3）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：
现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：
h**e you seen the film? —yes, i h**e. (表示结果：已经看过了，因此了解了这部电影)
when did you see it? —i saw it last sunday. (表示事实：过去做的一件事的时间)
he has taught this class for two years. （现在仍教着，或者刚刚停止）
he taught this class for two years. （过去教过）
2. 过去进行时：
过去进行时的用法：
表示说话的过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定时间除了有上下文暗示外，经常和表示过去时间的状语then，a moment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等连用。
例如：—what were you doing at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候你正在做什么？
—i was cooking with my mother. 我正和我妈妈一起做饭。
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别：
a. 过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”,一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。
i was reading the book at that time. (未读完，“读”的片段)
i read the book yesterday. (已读完，表整个“读”)
b. 过去进行时多与一段持续的时间状语连用。
it was raining all night 整个晚上在下雨。
he was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. 他整个下午在写信。
c. while引导的时间状语从句常用进行时。
he broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
d．while 所在主从句动作持续相等时间时，主从句一般都用进行时；如果两个动作一长一短时，经常是短的用一般过去时，长的用过去进行时。
i was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.
i saw him while i was walking to the station.
3. 过去完成时的用法：
过去完成时和现在完成时的用法基本相似，表示某个动作在过去的某个时间之前已经完成，即“过去的过去”。现在完成时以现在为基准，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻为基准。
1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。
例如：i had finished my homework before you came here.
he said that he had seen you before.
2. 过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续或将继续下去。
例如：the bus had already left by the time i got there.
by six o’clock they had worked for eight hours
3. 在含有间接引语的宾语从句中，主句经常是一般过去时，从句常用过去完成时。
例如：he told me that he had already seen the film.
4. 过去将来时的用法：
1）表示过去某一时间看将来发生的动作或存在的状态。常用在宾语从句中，由would+动词原形构成。
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