module 4
1. 现在完成时与for, since搭配。
h**e done sth. +for + 一段时间
已经做某事一段时间了。
h**e done sth. +since + 时间点。
自从…(时间点)以来,就已经做某事了。
h**e done sth. +since + 句子(过去时)
自从…(事情)以来,就已经做某事了。
eg. i h**e studied english for 4 years.
i h**e lived here since 1996.
i h**e made many friends since i went to middle school.
2. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响,一般过去时表示过去的事实,对现在没有影响。如:
i h**e lived in nanning since 1996.
自从2023年以来我就已经住在南宁。
现在还住在南宁)
i lived in nanning in 1996.
我2023年住在南宁。
跟现在没有关系)
现在完成时共有2个作用:
1. 要强调动作对现在的影响时,完成时的动词可以用短暂性动词。如:
i h**e bought this book.
mr. smith has come to china.
2. 要表示动作的延续时,一些短暂性动词必须改为延续性动词。如:
我已经买这本书2年了。
i h**e had this book for 2 years.
从2023年以来,smith先生就已经来中国了。
mr. smith has been in china since 2001.
短暂性动词变为延续性动词:
来到/去到某个地方
come to/go tobe in …
离开某个地方
le**e … be away from …
加入某种组织
join … be a member of …/be in…
买 buy --h**e
借 borrow --keep
结婚 marry --be married
死 die --be dead
开始 begin --be on
成为 become --be
认识 meet --know
开始做某事 start sth./doing sth. -do
词组。1.get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽。
2.hear of = hear about 听说。
3.in fact 实际上。
4. take part in … 参加… 活动。
5. an eight-year-old boy 一个8岁的男孩。
eight-year-old 相当于一个形容词,有连字符,year不加s
6. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事。
7.drop out of school 退学。
8.it’s important for sb. to do sth.
做某事对某人来说是重要的。
9.stop doing sth. 停止做某事。
如:when the teacher came in, the students stopped talking.
当老师进来的时候,学生们停止说话了。
stop to do sth. 停下(手头的事情)去做另一个事情。如:
when the bell rang, the students stopped to h**e a break.
当铃响的时候,学生们停下(手头的事情)去休息。
10. be ill 生病。
11. h**e to do sth. 不得不做某事。
my bike is broken, so i h**e to walk home.
我的单车坏了,所以我不得不走路回家。
12. look after = take care of 照顾
look after sb. well = take good care of sb.
好好照顾某人
i can look after myself well.
i can take good care of myself.
我可以好好照顾自己。
13. many children like li yingming and liu
sanzi can’t get an education ….
像李银明和刘三子的许多孩子不能接受教育…
like 做介词时表示“像”,如:
i look like my father.
我长得像我爸爸。
like 作动词时表示“喜欢”,如:
i like my father. 我喜欢爸爸。
14. with the help of sb. =with sb.’s help
在某人的帮助下。
15. in the last/past … years
在过去的…年里(句子用完成时)
16. pay-paid-paid 付钱
sb. pay money for sth. 为某物付钱。
= sb. spend money on sth.
= sth. cost sb. money.
= it take sb. money to buy sth.
我花了200块钱买这张票。
i paid 200 yuan for the ticket.
= i spent 200 yuan on the ticket.
= the ticket cost me 200 yuan.
= it took me 200 yuan to buy the ticket.
17. because of sth. 因为某物。
we didn’t h**e a picnic because of the bad weather.
因为这个恶劣的天气,我们没有去吃野餐。
because + 句子。
i was late because i got up late.
因为我起床晚了,所以我迟到了。
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