重点讲解】形容词用来修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。大多数形容词有比较等级的变化,可分为原级、比较级和最高级三种基本形式,用来表示事物的等级差别。
副词在句子中主要修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。副词按词汇意义可分为方式副词、程度副词、地点副词、时间副词和频度副词等。分别用于表示状态、程度、场所、时间。
副词也有比较等级的变化,其规则形式与形容词的相同。
掌握形容词和副词的基本用法要注意以下几点:
1、有些形容词加-ly可构成副词。但由名词加-ly结尾的是形容词,如 friendly,lovely, likely,lively等。
2、形容词、副词的比较级等级的变化。
1)规则变化:
单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er/ est
small——smaller——smallest; clever——cleverer——cleverest
辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变成i加-er / est:
easy——easier——easiest; he**y——he**ier——he**iest
词尾以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,双写该辅音字母,然后加-er/ est:
big——bigger——biggest; hot——hotter——hottest
多音节词和部分双音节词,在词前加上more/ most:
slowly——more slowly——most slowly;
interesting——more interesting——most interesting
2)不规则变化:
3、表示比较的几种句型:
句型1:“比较级 + than ”,例如:
you are taller than i.
they lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.
句型2:“as + 原级 + as”,否定句中可用so… as例如:
tom is as tall as his father.
he cannot run so/as fast as you.
句型3:“最高级 + in/of…”,例如:
the changjiang river is one of the longest rivers in the world.
peter is the tallest player of the three.
4、可修饰比较级的词有much, even, far, still, rather, by far, a bit, a little, a lot, a great deal等。例如:
the sun is much bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大得多。
he did his work far better than i. 他的工作做得比我好得多。
中考链接】一,用所给词的正确形式填空。
1, i am a littletall ) than you.
2, it is muchsafe ) to stay at home than to go out at night.
3, this question isdifficult ) than that one.
4, fan bingbing isfamous ) than yangmi.
5, jacky chan ispopular ) than wang baoqiang.
6, the yellow bag is theexpensive ) of the two bags.
7, my pocket money is muchmuch ) than yours.
8, he felt bad yesterday. but now he feels a lotgood ).
9, maomin is not sobusy ) as shanghai.
10, i h**e got money asmuch) as you.
形容词(adj.)和副词 (adv.)
一,作用和位置。
1)“形容词” 常用来修饰放在名词的或者be / 系动词(例如:become / get / turn / feel 等)的。
例如:① 漂亮的女孩 beautiful girl (beautiful 是形容词,放在名词 girl 的前面)
② the bag is big. (big 是形容词,放在be 动词后面)
2)“副词” 修饰常放在动词的被修饰的形容词和副词的。
例如:① 大声说 speak loudly (speak 是动词,loudly就是副词。)
② 非常好 very good (good“好的” 是形容词,very是副词, 修饰good,放在它的前面)
二,副词的变化规则。
规则的变化:副词(adv.) 形容词 + ly
例如: carefully = careful + ly
slow(adj. 缓慢的) →slowly (adv. 缓慢地,慢慢地)
quick (adj. 迅速的,快的)→ quickly(adv. 快,迅速) safe → safely
注意:(1)辅音字母加y 结尾的,要把y 变成 i , 再加 ly
例如:happy(adj. 高兴的) →happily (adv. 高兴地)
(2) 有些词既可作形容词也可作副词。如:fast, early, late,hard,high 等。
(3) good 的副词是 well !(切记)
1,把下面形容词变成副词。
he**yslowfast
carefullightcareless
busysadloud
naturalsuccessfullate
goodluckyearly
二,选词填空。
1,he is astudent, and he always does __at school. (good / well )
2. my father usually finishes his jobshe is aman. (successful / successfully)
3. i am sotoday. i won the matchlucky / luckily)
4. shanghai is acity. everyone worksbusy / busily )
5. she sings reallygood / well )
6. don’t drive toofast ).it’s dangerous.
7. tim goes to schoolevery day. but it’s tootoday. (early)
8. i am neverfor school. but today i got to school toolate )
9. listen to teachersin class. you should be
careful / carefully)
10, tony is aboy. he lost his bagthis morning. (careless / carelessly)
三,用括号里所给词的正确行使填空。
1. lily leftangry ) yesterday.
2. they are playing basketballthey are so __today. (happy)
3. please write it downquick ).
4. i saw a grandma walkslow) in the park yesterday.
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