英语语法考点系列 名词

发布 2021-05-07 12:57:28 阅读 4877

英语语法考点系列点拨(一):名词。

考点扫描】名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它属于一种重要的实词,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、标语、定语或状语。常见的考点如下:

1、名词的各种分类。单、复数的用法及单数名词变复数名词的方式,包括可数名词的复数的变化规则,少数不规则名词的复数形式及部分单复、数同形的名词。

2、不可数名词数量的表达法。用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后面的名词只能用单数。

3、名词所有格及其用法。以-s结尾的单数名词加“’”或“’s”构成所有格;以-s或-es结尾的复数名词只加“’”不规则复数名词在词尾加“’s”;两者或两者以上共同所有,把“’s”加在最后的名词上;表示各自拥有某件东西时,每个名词都要用所有格形式。

4、名词作主语时的主谓一致。主语为单数形式,谓语动词也用单数形式,主语为复数,则谓语动词也用复数;主语形式上是单数,但表达复数意义,那么谓语动词要用复数形式;主语形式上是复数形式但表达单数意义,则谓语动词也采用单数形式;谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。

5、语境中名词的选择。根据语境确定名词的词义,再根据句法进一步确定词形。

6、易混名词的区别。主要是要求区别一些常见的容易混淆的名词的用法。

【策略点拨】

考查名词的常见题型有单项选择、词形转换、单词拼写、用单词的适当形式填空和英汉互译等。做这类题时,必须首先认真理解全句的意思,先根据语境搞清词义,即确定用哪个词,再确定词形如单、复数、所有格等。

【真题再现】

1. the teacher said we needed to choose three___for the school concert.(2006 重庆)

a. farmers b. doctors c. drivers d. singers

剖析:可数名词的复数形式是在原形后加“s”。根据school concert可知,需要挑选的是singers。答案:d

zhang and mr lin live next to us. they are our n2006 兰州)

剖析:由“live next to us”可知,mr zhang and mr lin是我们的邻居。主语为复数。

“邻居”也应为复数。答案:neighbours/neighbors。

3. it is overfrom shijiazhuang to beijing. (2006 河北)

a. three hours' drive b. three hour's drive c. three hours' drives d. three hours drive

剖析:以s结尾的复数名词的所有格只在词尾s后面加“’”drive作名词用时,意为“驱车旅行,旅程”,是不可数名词。答案:a

4. ―would you like some drinks, boys?(2006 河北)

―yesplease.

a. some oranges b. two boxes of chocolates c. some cakes d. two bottles of orange

剖析:orange是不可数名词。可用“数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示它的数量。

量词(piece, bottle, glass, pair, cup等)是可数名词,可根据情况用单数或复数,但of后面的名词只能用单数。答案:d

5. ―how’s joy’s skirt? (2006 兰州)

―her skirt is more beautiful than .

a. her sister’s and kate b. her sister and kate

c. her sister and kate’s d. her sister’s and kate’s

剖析:当某物为几个人所共有时,只在最后一个名词后用所有格形式;如表示两者或两者以上分别所有,应在每个名词后用所有格形式。答案:d

6exciting news! we will h**e___long holiday after the exam. (2006 黄冈)

a. what an, a b. what, a c. how an, the d. how, the

剖析:news为不可数名词,其前面不能用a/an来修饰。不可数名词的确切数量可借助单位词组来表示,如a piece of,a cup of ,two glasses of three bottles of,etc。

答案:b

【现场练兵】

i. 选择填空。

( )1.―can i help you?

―i’d like for my twin daughters.

a. two pair of shoes b. two pairs of shoe c. two pair of shoe d. two pairs of shoes

( )shoes were worn out. she wanted to buy a new .

a. shoe b. shoes c. one d. pair

( )it about from jixi to harbin?

a. ten hours’ train b. ten hour’s train c. ten hours’ trains d. ten hours train

( )4. team in no. 4 middle school used to help with their training.

a. boys’, the girls b boy’s, the girl c. the boys’, the girls d. the boy’s, the girl

( )xiang,21,is an olympic winner in the hurdles(跨栏).we’re proud of him.

a.110-metre b.110-metres c.110 metre d.110 metres

( )guide has . she will show them to us.

a. some old ***** b. some special food c. a new jacket d. some beautiful pictures

( )7.-what class are you in, mike?

-i’m in .

a. grade three, class two b. class two, grade three

c. class two, grade three d. grade three, class two

( )thought it easy to finish so much work in .

a. two days’ time b. two-days time c. two day’s time d. two days time

( )9.―my prize is different from .

―but is the same as mine.

a. dick;yours b. dick’s;yours c. dick’s;your d. dick’s;yours

( )10.―do you know the woman over there?

―yes. she’s aunt.

a. lily and lucy b. lily’s and lucy’s c. lily’s and lucy d. lily and lucy’s

( )make so much .the baby is sleeping.

a. things b. mistakes c. voice d. noise

( )12.-how far is it from your home to the school?

-it’s about .

a.10 minutes walk b.10 minute’s walk c.10-minutes walk d.10 minutes’ walk

( )13.―can i help you, sir?

―yes, i’d like five and some peas.

a. potato b. tomatoes c. meat d. banana

( )are a lot of down there but hardly any .

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