交际用语。
知识讲解。考纲要求的交际用语项目。
汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处,但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。许多情景对话中使用的习惯用语符合英美人的表达习惯。
问候、告别、问路、打**、购物、看病等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语;感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求亦有其约定俗成的应答用语。考生必须用英美人的思维方式,遵循他们的习惯进行回答。交际用语常见的回答用语主要有以下几个方面:
一感谢 thank you. (thanks a lot. thank you for your help.
it’s very nice/ kind of you to help me. i really appreciate your help.)
it’s a pleasure. (don’t mention it. /my pleasure.
/that’s ok. /that’s all right. /you’re welcome.
)二道歉 sorry. (i’m sorry. /excuse me, please.
/ i’m sorry that i am late./ i’m sorry for losing the book./ i’m sorry to interrupt you.
)that’s ok/all right. (it’s ok. /it’s all right.
/it doesn’t matter. /never mind. /it’s nothing.
forget it.)
三邀请 would you like to go for a walk? (may i invite you to dinner? /what (how) about seeing a film with me?
/i wonder if we could go shopping together.)
i’d like that. thank you. (yes, i’d love to.
/that would be nice. /sounds good (great). why not?
)no, thank you. (it’s very nice of you, but… /i’d love to, but… /i’m sorry i can’t. /what about another time?
/i’m afraid i can’t, for…)
四请求允许
may i come in? (is it all right if i sit here?)
yes, please. (sure. /certainly. /please do. ok.)
can/could i use your telephone?
of course you can. (go ahead, please. /i’m afraid not.)
i wonder/am wondering if i could smoke here. (do you mind if i smoke here? /would you mind...
五问候。good morning (afternoon, evening). hello /hi.
/how do you do? /nice to meet you. 回答相同 —how are you?
fine, thank you. and you? /very well, thank you.
六介绍。this is mr. (mrs.
/miss)..i’d like you to meet my parents. /my name is...
i’m a student.
七告别 goodbye. /see you later (tomorrow). good night.
八祝愿、祝贺和应答
good luck!/ best wishes to you. /h**e a nice (good) time (journey). congratulations!
thank you.
happy new year!/ merry christmas!
the same to you.
happy birthday to you.
thank you.
九遗憾和同情
what a pity! /i’m sorry to hear that.
十提供帮助和应答
can i help you? /what can i do for you? /here, take this/my bike.
let me do it for you.
thanks for your help. /yes, please. /no, thanks. /that’s very kind of you.
十一表示同意和不同意
certainly. /sure. /of course.
/yes, please. /yes, i think so. /all right.
/ok. /that’s a good idea. /i agree with you.
no, i don’t think so. /i’m afraid not. /i really can’t agree with you.
十二表示肯定和不肯定
i’m sure. /i’m sure that...
i’m not sure. /i’m not sure whether (if)..maybe.
十三喜欢和厌恶
i like (love)..very much. /i like (love) to...
i don’t like to...i hate to ..
十四问时间、日期的应答
what day is it?
it’s monday.
what’s the date?
it’s jan. 10th.
what’s the time, please?
it’s five o’clock (half past five)..it’s time to ..
十五请求 can (could) you...for me? /will (would) you please do sth.?
may i h**e...please give (pass) me...
十六劝告和建议。
i think you ought to…
if i were you, i’d…
it might be a good idea if you…
h**e you ever thought of…?
i recommend that…
i strongly advise you to…
you really ought to…
personally, i think you’d better…
why not do…?
why don’t you do…?
i suggest that…
what about doing…?
how about doing…?
shall we…?
let’s…, shall we?
十七 you need (to)…禁止和警告。
you can’t…
you mustn’t…
you’d better not…
don’t…
take care!
be careful!
look out!
if you…, you will…
you are not allowed to…
十八打**。
this is…(speaking). 一般不说i am…)
it is …here.
may (can / could) i speak to …,please?
i’d like to speak to…, please. 请找…接**好吗?
who’s that (speaking /calling)? 不说who are you?)
is that … speaking)?
is …there?
is…in?
hold on, please.
hold the line, please.
can i take a message? /can you give (le**e) a message? (对方要找的人不在时)
can/could i ask who is calling?
may i h**e your telephone number?
十九购物。what can i do for you? can i help you?
what’s the price of …?how much is…? 多少钱?
it’s well worth the money.
h**e you got anything a little cheaper?
how much does it come to? /how much is it altogether?
try it for size.
will you show me…?
h**e you got any…?
it’s a bit too large (small, plain. gaudy etc.) for me.
that’s fine. i’ll take it.
that’s too expensive, i’m afraid.
what color do you want?
what size do you want?
do you h**e any other kind?
i’d like…/i want…
二十问路和应答
excuse me. where’s …?excuse me. can you tell me the way to…? how can i get to…?
go down this street.
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