中考英语语法知识考查要点。
. 名词noun
(1) 不规则名词的单、复数形式要特别记忆:
男女脚步牙鹅,老鼠孩子虱婆man-men; woman-women; foot-feet;
tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse—mice; child—children; louse—lice;
(2) 单数、复数同形的名词:fish, sheep, deer, chinese, japanese
(3) 常用复数形的名词:trousers, shoes, glasses
(4) 只有复数形的名词:thanks, clothes
(5) 单数形式但其意为复数的可数名词:people, police
6) 记住f(e)结尾的名词复数:
妻子wife持刀去宰狼wolf,小偷thief吓得发了慌;
躲在架后保己命,半片树叶leaf遮目光。
(7) 有生命的名词所有格形式:
单数名词加's,复数名词加s',不是以s结尾的复数名词加 's,如: children's room
(8) 无生命的名词所有格用of结构表达:the capital of china
(9) 表示并列名词各自所有,在各名词词尾加's:
如: tom's and mary's bikes (两人各自的自行车)
(10) 表示并列名词共同所有,则在后一个名词的词尾加's:
如: tom and mary's mother (即tom与mary是兄妹)
(11) 关于时间、距离、长度、重量、**的所有格:
如: ten minutes' walk, ten miles' journey, a boat's length,
two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth
(12) 双重所有格:a friend of my father's
一句话记名词所有格的构成分式和用法:the children's teacher asked a friend of tom's to bring him some students' books on the first day of the month.
. 形容词与副词 adjective & adverb
(1) 原级,比较级,最高级词形变化:
① [单元音+单辅音]的单音节词。
fat—fatter—fattest thin—thinner—thinnest
hot—hotter—hottest big—bigger—biggest
② 以y结尾的双音节词。
easy—easier—easiest he**y—he**ier—he**iest
pretty—prettier—prettiest
劣级比较 less+形容词/副词原级+than
例: she is less beautiful than mary.
④ 两者之间用比较级,在比较级前加定冠词,三者以上用最高级。
例: he is the taller of the two.
she is the best player of the three.
⑤ 越……越……的表达法。
例: the days are getting hotter and hotter.
the more you study, the more you learn.
⑥ 修饰比较级的词有:much, by far, even, a little, a great deal…
例: she is much better now.
切记不要用比较级来修饰比较级。
. 连词 conjunction
(1) 动词与最近的主语一致(就近原则):
这样的连词有: or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also。
(2)or的用法:
① 作或者讲。
例: you or your friend has to go to the teachers' office.
② 作否则讲。
例: hurry up, or you will be late for school.
(3) and与but:
例: he has no money and he is poor.
he is poor but he is honest.
.介词 preposition
1)表示时间:
at: 表示某一时间点如: at noon
on: 表示特定的日子如: on christmas
in: 表示一段不具体的时间
如: in the morning, in the second world war
如表示在某一特定的早上、下午则用on
如: on a cold morning, on a hot afternoon, on sunday morning
during: 表示期间内的某个时期
如: during the night, during the second world war
for: 其后接表示一段时间长度的词如: for three days
through: 表示在整个期间没有间歇
例: it snowed through the night.
till/until: 表示动作持续的终点
例:i studied hard till twelve o'clock last night.
by: 表示动作完成期限例: i'll be back by five o'clock.
since: 表示某动作的起始点。
例:i h**e studied english since 19
时间名词前所用介词的速记歌。
年月周前要用in,日日期前面却不行。
遇到几号要用on,上午下午又是in。
要说某日上下午,用on换in才能行。
午夜黄昏须用at,黎明用它也能行。
at也用在明分前,说“差”可要用上to,说“过”只可使用past,多说多练牢牢记,莫让岁月空蹉跎。
(2) 表示地点:
at: 表示较小的地点如: arrived at the school gate
in: 表示较大的地点如: arrived in shanghai
for: 表示目的地例: i'll le**e for shanghai.
above: 表示上面,上方,其反意词是below
over: 表示垂直上方,其反意词是under
例: the dog jumped over the table.
through: 表示穿过如: through the forest
across: 表示平原上的跨越
例: i want to walk across the road.
.动词 verb
1) 动词的时态:
一般现在时一般现在时的主要用法有两点:
其一表示一经常发生的动作,如: i always go to school at seven.
其二表示某一真理,事实,如: the earth moves around the sun.
现在完成时现在完成时的主要用法有两点:
其一表示某一动作发生于过去,并持续下来,到现在完成。
如: i h**e studied english for two years.
其二表示某动作发生于过去并已结束,但其影响到现在。
如: i h**en't had my lunch. i'm hungry now.
与现在完成时连用的词语有:yet, already, before, since, ever, never等。
其考查要点:其一: h**e been表示曾经去过,如:i h**e been to america twice. 说此话的人应已经回到国内。
而he has gone to japan.则此人目前已到日本去了。
其二: 截止性动词可以有现在完成时,但不可与表示一段长度的词连用,如: the class has begun.
the class has been on for five minutes.
③ 一般过去时表示过去的习惯,过去发生的或反**生的动作。如:who broke the window?
in those days, i studied hard at night every day.
与过去时连用的时间状语有:at that time, ago, in 1949,just now (刚才), last night, yesterday
一般将来时纯将来时的表示法: shall/will+动词原形
例: i'll le**e for shanghai this evening.
表示按计划要做或可能做的事: be going to+动词原形
例: i'm going to help you tonight. 将来时的特殊表示法
. be+coming/le**ing/going/starting/arriving例:don't worry. i'm coming.
. be about to+动词原形例:he’s about to le**e, when the phone rings.
. 状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来
例: if it rains tomorrow i won't go to the party.
2) 情态动词:
can: 能,会例: he can do it very well.
may:许可,可能性例: may i use your pen?
must:必要,禁止(多表示主**法) 例:you mustn't play with fire.
h**e to:不得不(多表示客观之事)
例: i h**e to go, because i h**e a meeting.
could与would:二者用于现在时表示语气委婉例:could you help me?
3) be动词用法口诀:
我用am,你用are,is连着他/她/它; 单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。
变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记。
疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。
.不定式 infinitive
1) 不定式在句中作宾语,状语: 例: it has begun to rain.
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