初一英语词类语法点总结

发布 2021-04-13 02:27:28 阅读 8694

龙文教育一对一个性化学案。

学生姓名: 学案编号 19

第一部分上节课作业讲解、在家背记情况。

第二部分词类语法点巩固。

名词:复数的变化规则。

1.一般情况下,直接加s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds.

2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾,加es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches.

3.以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i, 再加es,如:family-families, hobby-hobbies.

4.以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加es,如:thief-thieves, knife-knives.

5.以o结尾,加es,如:mango-mangoes.

加s,如:radio-radios,photo-photos.

6.不规则变化,如:man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth.

7.不可数名词有:bread, juice, tea, coffee, water, rice等。(不可数名词相对应的be动词是is/was)

不规则变化:

man-menwoman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethfish-fish people-peoplechinese-chinese japanese-japanese englishman-englishmen frenchman-frenchmen deer-deer goose-geeseman teacher- men teachers

woman teacher-women teachers apple tree-apple trees

名词所有格:

表示人或物品所属关系时,就需要使用名词所有格。名词所有格的构成有以下规则:

1.一般情况下,在名词的末尾加’s构成。如:tom’s book

2.以“-s”结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加’。如:our teachers’ books

3.表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。

如:su hai and su yang’s bedroom

冠词:a, an和the的用法。

1. an umbrella, an uncle, an unpleasant trip, an unusual boy, an ugly girl, an ***

2. a uniform, a university, a unit, a ufo, a useful book, a european country

3. an hour, an honest boy

4. an “a”( e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x) ,a “b”( c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z)

5. a one-year-old baby, an eight-year-old boy, an eleven-year-old girl

6. (无冠词)children’s day, may day, the spring festival

7. —i lost the book i bought last week.— is it a black one?

8. do you know the boy next to mary / the man in white?

形容词。副词的比较级:

1. an elephant is (very, quite, so, too) big(原级).

2. a friend of mine is as he**y(原级) as me. he is not so/ as tall(原级) as her.

3. much+比较级, more+原级: he is much fatter that her.

he is much more confident than her.

4. 一些特殊的句型:

1) jim is the taller of the two (boys).

2) our school is much (far/ still/ even/ a lot/a little) (比较级) more beautiful than yours.

3) the earlier, the better.

4) when summer comes, the weather gets hotter and hotter.

5) if you do sports every day, you will become healthier and healthier.

6) today english is becoming more and more important.

7) he is 2 kilos he**ier than i am.

8) paris is one of the liveliest cities in the world.

10) .the yellow river is the second longest river in china.(序数词+最高级)

不规则的比较级和最高级。

基数词和序数词:

two--second, three--third, five--fifth, nine--ninth,twelve--twelfth, twenty-twentieth, forty-one--forty-first.

序数词前一定要加the.

基数词变成序数词的方法:

1)直接在基数词词尾加上th,如:seventh第七,tenth 第十,thirteenth 第十三;

2)以y结尾的基数词,变y为ie,再加上th,如:twentieth 第二十。

3)不规则变化,如:first 第一, second 第二, third 第三,fifth 第五, eighth 第八,ninth 第九,twelfth 第十二。

4)基数词“几十几”变为序数词时,表示“几十”的基数词不变,只把表示“几”的基数词变成序数词,如twenty-first 第二十一。

3.序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字和序数词的最后两个字母构成的,如:1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th。

代词:1. 人称代词的五种基本形式:

2. 人称代词的基本用法:

主格:用作句子的主语,放在动词前(疑问句式放在特殊动词后);

she lives in toronto, canada.

does he speak english?

宾格:用作句子的宾语,放在动词或介词后;

yesterday my mother bought me a new bike.

i usually go to movies with her on weekends.

形容词性物主代词:用作句子的定语,之后必须带名词;

this is my book. that’s his book.

名词性物主代词相当于一个名词词组,之后不能带名词(其代换的名词需在前文**现);

his book is much newer than mine(= my book).

反身代词:一般放在动词后,要求同主语人称一致。

she teaches herself english.

介词:in的用法:

1.用在某范围或某空间内,如:in the desk

2.在一段时间内,如:in the morning

3.以,用……方式,如:in english

in和on的区别:

树上长出来的用on,不是树上长出来的则用in。

in, on, at的区别:

in, on, at都可以用来放在时间前面,但是in后面一般是morning,afternoon,evening,月份。年份。季节或者指某一段时间内;on用在具体某一天,如:

on sunday morning;at一般用在某个假期期间(不是指具体的某一天),它还可以用在具体的时间,如:at spring festival, at five o’clock.

小学英语教材**现的介词有:

in, on, from, of, by, about, for, under, behind, after, before, with, near, off, at, to, around, nearby等。

课堂练习:1.写出下列名词的复数形式。

zoosheepthiefwoman

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