陷阱题”通常也叫“圈套题”,是一种极易做错的习题。“陷阱题”与常规题不同,它具有较大的迷惑性,较好的隐蔽性。近年来,各地中考试卷中常有这种性质的试题出现。
当我们遇到这种习题时,常感到不知所措。怎样解答这种“陷阱题”呢?下列方法不妨一试:
一、认真审题,发现“陷阱”
“陷阱题”是不挂牌的,而是编拟者把“陷阱”巧妙地设计在题目中。只要同学们认真审题,“陷阱”是可以被发现的,如下面这几道题:
you likepears,please?[吉林]
radio is too you please turn it___a little?[辽宁]
yearsa short h**e to study hard.[江西]
some fish and meat,children.[四川]
h**e misseds"in the word "dress".[江苏]
d.不填 有些学生没有认真审题,就乱套语法规则,以致将上面五题错选成:如果同学们能认真审题,思路理顺,灵活地运用语法规则,就会知道上述选项都是题设“陷阱”。
再如:1. which do you enjoy __your holiday, going touring or staying at home? (07淮安)
a. spending b. to spend c. spend
解析:本题易错选a。其原因在于很多同学都认为enjoy doing sth.
是一个习惯搭配,然而本题的答题关键却在题目的后半部分going touring or staying at home,说明是在两者中选择做什么来度过这个假期。事实上对于此类题目若同学们觉得比较难的话,可将该句改为:you enjoy which __your holiday, going touring or staying at home?
由此我们就可确定正确答案应为b。例如:
after school, what my son enjoys __football.
a. playing b. played c. to play d. is playing
本题易错选a。而正确思路应为what my son enjoys 为主语从句,此句缺少be 做谓语,故排除b和c,应选d。
2. it’s our duty to __peopletoo many trees. (07连云港)
a. stop; cutting down b. prevent;to cut down
c. keep; cutting down d. make; cut down
解析:本题易错选c。因为许多同学都会认为“阻止某人做某事”可用stop / prevent / keep sb.
from doing sth.但是,stop / prevent在主动语态中可将后面的from省去,被动语态中三者均不可省,而有的同学会误认为from在所有的主动语态中都可以省,于是就会错选c。若用keep sb.
doing sth. 就表示“让某人一直做某事”,意思显然不对。本题的正确答案应为a。
3.—will you please show me how to do the role play exercise? (07南通)
—sure. now let me tell you __first.
a. which to do b. how to do c. when to do d. what to do
解析:本题易错选b。一般同学们会认为“我要教你怎么做”是方式,所以用how to do。
但事实上该句是在考查对于名词性从句的省略现象,若将该句还原,我们会得到以下句子:let me tell you第一步该怎么做)。那么我们可以这样来表达:
how you should do it first / what you should do。如果将其省略就应为how to do it / what to do。因此本题的正确答案应为d。
例如:i need your help because i don’t know07徐州) (a)
a. how to do it b. how to do c. what to do it d. what should i do
it’s selfisheddiethe whole birthday cake. (08宿迁)
a. of; to eat b. of; eating c. for; to eat d. for; eating
解析:本题易错选c。因为很多同学会认为“对于eddie来说是selfish的”,然而此题的考查重点在于介词的选择。
我们说“如果某事对于某人来说是怎么样的”,会经常使用for,而如果是“某人本身所具有的本质”的话,则应使用of,常见的句型有:it’s important / strange / necessary for sb. to do sth.
;it is selfish / br**e / foolish / clever of sb. to do sth.。因此本题的正确答案应为a。
5. students should pay attention to __the teacher in class. (07泰州)
a. hear b. listen to c. listening to d. hearing of
解析:本题易错选b。此题的关键在于pay attention to中的to 为介词,其后应接doing。因此本题的正确答案应为c。
6. my friend, darren, is coming to visit us. i’m looking forward to __him. (07潜江。
a. meet b. meeting c. to meet d. to meeting
解析:本题易错选c。此题的关键在于looking forward to中的to 为介词,因此其后应接doing。因此本题的正确答案应为b。
7. grandma __us stories when we were very young. (08内江)
a. used to tell b. is used to tell c. was used to tell
解析:本题易错选c。此题主要是要将这几个形式相近的词组含义区分开来。
used to do 意为“过去常常做某事”,be used to do 意为“被用来做某事”,而be used to doing则表示“习惯于做某事”。因此本题的正确答案应为a。
8. they are too tired, so they stop __and h**e a rest. (07内江)
a. working b. to work c. work
解析:本题主要是要搞清楚stop to do 与stop doing 的区别,后接动词不定式表示“停下来去做某事”,而接动名词则表示“停止做某事”,根据句意本题应选a。后接动词不定式和动名词含义不一样的还有以下词组:
remember to do 意为“记得去做某事”,remember doing意为“记得做过某事”。类似的还有forget/regret/go on 等。例如:
remember to___the lights when you le**e your classroom.(07重庆) (b)
a. turn on b. turn off c. turn up d. turn down
9. is this the factory __you visited the other day?
a. that b. where c. in which d. the one
is this factory __some foreign friends visited last friday?
a. that b. where c. which d. the one
is this the factory __he worked ten years ago?
a. that b. where c. which d. the one
解析:这3道题是定语从句中较为典型的题,它们可以给我们在做定语从句一类题时有个提醒。我们知道定语从句必须要满足3个条件:
(1) 必须要有先行词;(2) 先行词在从句中必须担当一定的成分;(3) 关系词要代替前面的先行词。而定语从句的连接词的选择是考查的重中之重,主要是看从句中缺什么成分,通常是缺什么就补什么。这几道题的答案分别应为a、d、b。
我们可将它们转换为以下几种形式:
this is the factory __you visited the other day. (从句中缺少宾语)
this factory is __some foreign friends visited last friday. (该句无先行词,若为名词性从句则应用what来引导)
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