动词时态、动词分类。
一、目标与策略。
考纲要求】1.掌握初中阶段的动词时态的结构与时间标志词，并能正确使用；
2.重点对现在完成时与一般过去时的区别和用法；
3.掌握中考所考查实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词）, 连系动词，助动词和情态动词的用法。
学习策略】1.辨析每个时态的时间标志词；
2.掌握每个时态的固定句式结构。
二、学习与应用。
知识回顾】1.时态的构成 （以take为例）；
注意几组时态的区别：
一、现在进行时。
1.表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：
it is raining now.
2.下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
1）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, wish, agree, need。
2）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。
3）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。
4）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
二、一般过去时与现在完成区别：
1.时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。
2.结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。
考点梳理】考点一。及物动词和不及物动词。
1.根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语，可以把动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种类型：
1）可以直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词，可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的及物动词、跟复合宾语（即宾语＋宾语补足语）的及物动词等。
注意：有些双宾语动词间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）后时，间接宾语前要加___常用的此类词有bring, give, hand, pass, pay, post, return, sell, show, teach, tell, throw, lend等。
例如：hand me that book, please. =hand that book to me, please. 请递给我那本书。
有些双宾语动词间接宾语（人）放在直接宾语（事物）后时，间接宾语前要加___常用的此类词有buy, choose, cook, draw, book, find, get, make, order等。
例如：my mom bought me a nice backpack. =my mom bought a nice backpack for me.
考点二。连系动词
连系动词有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独做谓语，必须和表语连用，构成系表结构。
常见的系动词：
1)be动词。
2) 表象连系动词：“看起来像”seem/ appear/ look;
3)感官系动词。
4)渐变类 get, go, become, turn
例如：the girl is afraid. our village is becoming more and more beautiful.
考点三。情态动词。
情态动词在句子中不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词连用作谓语，表示说话人的语气和情感。主要的情态动词有：can，may，must，need，would，should， ought to，could，might，dare等。
使用情态动词要注意以下方面：
1.含must的一般疑问句：
肯定回答仍用must，否定回答则用___或表示“不必”。一般不能用 ，开头的一般疑问句：
肯定回答用may或can，否定回答用。
例如：—may i smoke here? —no, you mustn’t.
3) 表示可能性或推测时：
can多用于否定句或疑问句，cannot表示may多用于陈述句，may not表示“可能不”；
must只用于肯定句，表示。
4) need用作情态动词：
主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句，表示也可以作实义动词，后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式等。need开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must。
you needn’t come if you are busy. 如果忙，你就不必来了。（ 动词）
he needs to get some sleep.（ 动词）
典型例题】一、用括号所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. i’m going to listen to the radio. pleasenot talk) any more.
2. i’ll tell him about it when hecome) back.
3. a new teachergive) the students an english lesson now.
4. i won’t go out until ifinish) my homework.
5. whoteach) you english last term？
6. the planearrive) in twenty minutes.
7. therebe) two meetings tomorrow morning.
don’t know whether mother __me to beijing next month.(take)
yu __teach) us maths since 1982.
10.__the baby __crying yet? (stop)
who __sing) in the next room now?
boy asked his mother __him go and play basketball.(let)
二、单项选择。
1.－what did you do after school yesterday？
－i __basketball with my friends.
a. play b. played c. will play d. am playing
2. henry speaks chinese very well. he___in china since 2002.
a. stays b. stayed c. is staying d. has stayed
it stops __we __shopping by bike.
rain,go rain, will go will go
___to see his grandma if he __free tomorrow.
a. will come; will be b. comes; is c. will come; is d. comes; will be
5. in the past few years there __great changes in my hometown.
a. h**e been b. were c. had been d. are
6. be careful! the train
a. will come b. is going to come c. comes d. is coming
7. how longyou___the bicycle?
a. h**e…bought b. h**e…had
c. did…buy d. do…buy
8. my brother knows london very well. hethere many times.
a. has been b. has gone c. was d. went
9. listen！the musicnice.
a. sounds b. is sounding c. is sound d. was sounding
10. mr. brown is not at home. heto the library.
a. has gone b. has been c. had been d. had gone
11. there __a basketball match on our school the day after tomorrow.
a. will h**e b. will be c. is going to h**e d. would h**e
12. don’t make any noise. the baby __
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