倒装句。
一．概念。主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序；二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序。
谓语动词全部置于主语前的，叫完全倒装，只有一部分谓语（通常是助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语前面的，叫部分倒装。
英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装，二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况，倒装是必须的，否则就会出现语法错误；后一种情况，倒装是选择性的，倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。
二．倒装句的种类。
一）完全倒装。
be 句型中。
1）there stands a temple on the top of the mountain. 山顶上有座庙。
谓语主语。2）there are fifty-five students in our class. 班级有55位同学。
谓语主语。注意：there be句型中的be可以换成其他的动词与there连用，这些词都是表示状态的如：
live, stand, exist, remain等或者用来描写某事的发生或某人的到达如come, appear, enter, follow, occur等。
1) there came a knock at the door.
2) long, long ago, there lived a king.
3) there followed a terrible noise.
4) there used to be no school here.
翻译：(1)我们班上很多同学学习很努力。
2)毫无疑问，你应该为这起事故负责任。
3)似乎没有人愿意帮忙。
改错：(1)we can see that there are a pen and four books on the desk.
(2)there were five people were killed in the accident.
2.由副词here, there, now, thus, then等开头的句子，谓语动词是be, come, follow, go, begin等，且主语是名词的时候。
1)here is some advice for you to follow while listening to his lecture.
下面是你听到他的报告时可以遵循的一些建议。
our new lesson began then. 改为倒装。
注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。
here it comes. 它来了。
3.表”动态”的副词in, out, away, up, down, off, back, over等置于句首做状语时，且句子的主语为名词时。
1)up went the arrow into the air. 弓箭直射向空中。
2)away flew the plane飞机飞走了。
the boy rushed out. 改为倒装句。
注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。
in she came and the lesson began. 她走进来开始上课。
作表语，置于句首，意为“……就是如此”
such were his words=such was what he said. 他就是这样说的。
5.表“地点”的方位名词或短语置于句首或强调地点概念，且句子的主语是名词时。
1)south of the city lies a big zoo.
2)from the valley came a frightening sound.
翻译：（1）包裹里有封信。
(2)我们房前有一颗大树。
注意：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。
north of the city it lies. 它位于城北。
6.作表语的形容词，分词或介词短语置于句首时，用“表语+系动词+主语”结构。
1)present at the meeting were some important figures.
出席会议的是一些重要人物。
2)growing all over the mountain are wild flowers. 漫山遍野长满了野花。
3)among the goods are christmas tress, flowers, candles and toys.
这些商店里有圣诞树，鲜花，蜡烛及玩具。
翻译：(1)出席会议的是一些著名的科学家。
(2)他们可以对中国人为所欲为的日子永远不会回来了。
they could do what they liked to the chinese people.
7.为了平衡句子结构，使上下文衔接紧密。
they reached a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
8.表示祝愿的句子（标语或者口号中也用全部倒装）
long live china! 中国万岁！
二）部分倒装。
1. 具有否定意义的单词，短语放在句首引起的倒装。（not，seldom，never，hardly，barely，scarcely，little，never before，by no means，under no circumstances，in no case，nowhere, neither, nor, rarely, no longer, not until, at no time, on no account 等放在句首，句子用倒装。
）not until，no sooner...than，hardly···when, scarcely…when, so…that, such…that 等结构的句子，主句倒装，从句不用倒装。not only...
but also连接并列句时， 前一分句用部分倒装。 neither…nor并列两个句子前后两句都要倒装。）
seldom does he go to the park at weekend. 在周末他很少去公园。
by no means will this method be satisfactory. 无论如何这种方法都不会令人满意。
no sooner had we got there than it became dark. 我们一到那里，天就黑了。（注意时态）
翻译： (1) 他当时一点也没有意识到自己处于危险之中。
the danger he was in then.(little)
2)我一进房间，**就响了。
hardly…when)
3)他走得那么快以至于我未能赶上他。
that i couldn’t catch up with him. (so…that)
改错： (1)not until did i come back did he le**e for work.
(2)the computer was used in teaching. as a result, not only teachers’ energy was s**ed, but students became more interested in the lessons.
(3)neither h**e i seen him recently, nor i h**e heard from him.
副词/介词短语/状语从句）强调状语并位于句首时，主句倒装。
改错：(1)only working hard can we succeed in everything.
(2)only he told me did i realize what trouble he was in.
(3)only this way can we solve the problem.
翻译：(1)只有每个人都诚实我们才能过着更和谐的生活。(harmonious)
(2)只有这样我们才能成为一个健康的人，随时做好准备迎接人生的挑战。
ready to take on any challenges in our life.
3.用于so, nor, neither开头的句子，表示前句所说的内容也适合于另外的人或物。
结构为“so +助动词／be动词／情态动词 +主语”，意为“同样，也一样”。所不同的是neither或nor用于前面否定情况，也适用于另一人或物，其结构为：“neither/nor +助动词／be动词／情态动词+主语”。
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