小学英语陈述句的基础知识

发布 2021-02-10 09:56:28 阅读 6794

陈述句专项知识点总结。

(备注:陈述句专项在新概念一lesson5-6课出现)

一、陈述句的概念。

陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,而在朗读时则用降调。如:

i’m a student. i like dogs. i’m not a teacher.

二、陈述句的句子结构以及用法。

1) 在英语中,陈述句由主语、谓语、宾语三个部分组成。

主语一般包括人称代词:i ,you, he ,she .物主代词:this, that, 等。

谓语一般就是动词:be动词:is, are, am和助动词:do, does和行为动词:like, eat 等。

例如:mr. walker is an englishman.

(华克先生是英国人。——肯定句)

he is not an american.

(他不是美国人。——否定句)

2)否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的两种。

(1)使用否定词“not”,例如:

(a)be,h**e为主要动词,例如:

i am not a good swimmer.

(我不是一个游泳的好手。)

i h**e not much money.

(我没有很多钱。)

he has not many friend here.

(在这里他没有很多朋友。)

解说:“be/h**e +not”常缩短成一词,尤其是日常谈话更是如此。例如:

you aren't a friend of his, are you ?

(你不是他的朋友吧,是不是?)

he isn't my brother.

(他不是我的兄弟。)

下面例句是“h**e not,has not”的缩略形。例如:

i h**en't a headache.

(我没有头痛。)

(b)be,h**e为助动词

you aren't going to go to her birthday party, are you?

(你不打算参加她的生日宴会,是不是?)

it isn't raining outside.

(外面没有在下雨。)

动词带有助动词“will,shall,can,may,must,need,dare,ought to,used to,had better”等时,将“not”置于助动词与主要动词之间。例如:

i will not do it again.

i won't do it again. (我不愿意再做这种事。)

the old man cannot find his way home. (那个老人找不到回家的路。)

i couldn't sleep last night. (昨夜我无法入睡。)

you ought not to swim in the river. (你不应该在河里游泳。)

you had better not tell her everything. (你最好不要样样事情都告诉她。)

注:“can”的否定形式是“cannot / can't”,不可写成“can not /cann't”。

(d)使用助动词“do”的否定句

一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”,句式如下:do(does, did)+not + v(原形动词),例如:

i don't know her very well. (我并不很了解她。)

he doesn't like chinese tea very much. (他并不很喜欢中国茶。)

she didn't come to school this morning. (今天早上她没有来上学。)

don't believe him. (不要相信他的话。)

注:“h**e”表达“有”以外的意义时,其否定句通常使用助动词“do”,例如:

usually i don't h**e (=eat) breakfast on sunday morning.

(通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。)

she doesn't h**e (=drink) coffee for breakfast.

(她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。)

we didn't h**e (=enjoy) a good time there yesterday.

(昨天我们在那里玩得不愉快。)

不过美式英语“h**e”作“有”的意义使用时也如一般动词使用助动词“do”,例如:

i don't h**e brothers.

(我没有兄弟。)

we didn't h**e time enough to finish the work.

(我们当时没有足够的时间完成那件工作。)

(2)使用“not”以外的否定词:

(a)副词:never,seldom,hardly,little,neither等,例如:

she never comes to school late.

(他上学从不迟到。)

she seldom comes to see me.

(她不常来看我。)

(b)形容词:no,few,little等,例如:

i h**e no brothers.(=i don't h**e brothers.)

(我没有兄弟。)

he has few friends in hong kong.

(他在香港几乎没有朋友。)

(c)代词:nothing,nobody,none等,例如:

i know nothing about computer.

(对于电脑我一窍不通。)

i found nobody about computer.

(在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。)

注:1.有些文法书认为“not +v”为句子否定法,是否定句,而“no +n.或如nothing等”为单词否定法,不宜称为否定句。例如:

he doesn't h**e brother.(否定句)

he has no brothers.(单词否定,但应视为肯定句,因为谓语动词是肯定。)

请注意下面两句的意义上的区别:

he doesn't h**e a breakfast.

he has not a breakfast.

(他不吃早餐。——否定句)

he has no breakfast.

(他没有早餐可吃。——单词否定,肯定句)

2.否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达,例如:

he is honest.

(他是诚实的。)

he is dishonest.(=he in not honest.)

(他不诚实。)

they h**e children.

(他们有小孩。)

they are childless .=they don't h**e children. (他们没有小孩。)

陈述句专项在小升初英语考试中常以如下考题出现:

一、选择题。

1.he swims very __

2. he g**e a knife___me.

3. the tea __good.

4. he bought a ruler___me.

5. i __his name.

not know know not no 二、句型转换题。

1、there are two children in the room now.

1)改为否定句:

2)对划线部分提问:

2、nancy is a nice girl.

(1)改为一般疑问句:

2)分别作肯定和否定回答:

剖析:以上两个题重点考查学生对陈述句基本句型的运用能力。

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