陈述句专项知识点总结。
(备注:陈述句专项在新概念一lesson5-6课出现)
一、陈述句的概念。
陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,而在朗读时则用降调。如:
i’m a student. i like dogs. i’m not a teacher.
二、陈述句的句子结构以及用法。
1) 在英语中,陈述句由主语、谓语、宾语三个部分组成。
主语一般包括人称代词:i ,you, he ,she .物主代词:this, that, 等。
谓语一般就是动词:be动词:is, are, am和助动词:do, does和行为动词:like, eat 等。
例如:mr. walker is an englishman.
(华克先生是英国人。——肯定句)
he is not an american.
(他不是美国人。——否定句)
2)否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的两种。
(1)使用否定词“not”,例如:
(a)be,h**e为主要动词,例如:
i am not a good swimmer.
(我不是一个游泳的好手。)
i h**e not much money.
(我没有很多钱。)
he has not many friend here.
(在这里他没有很多朋友。)
解说:“be/h**e +not”常缩短成一词,尤其是日常谈话更是如此。例如:
you aren't a friend of his, are you ?
(你不是他的朋友吧,是不是?)
he isn't my brother.
(他不是我的兄弟。)
下面例句是“h**e not,has not”的缩略形。例如:
i h**en't a headache.
(我没有头痛。)
(b)be,h**e为助动词
you aren't going to go to her birthday party, are you?
(你不打算参加她的生日宴会,是不是?)
it isn't raining outside.
(外面没有在下雨。)
动词带有助动词“will,shall,can,may,must,need,dare,ought to,used to,had better”等时,将“not”置于助动词与主要动词之间。例如:
i will not do it again.
i won't do it again. (我不愿意再做这种事。)
the old man cannot find his way home. (那个老人找不到回家的路。)
i couldn't sleep last night. (昨夜我无法入睡。)
you ought not to swim in the river. (你不应该在河里游泳。)
you had better not tell her everything. (你最好不要样样事情都告诉她。)
注:“can”的否定形式是“cannot / can't”,不可写成“can not /cann't”。
(d)使用助动词“do”的否定句
一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”,句式如下:do(does, did)+not + v(原形动词),例如:
i don't know her very well. (我并不很了解她。)
he doesn't like chinese tea very much. (他并不很喜欢中国茶。)
she didn't come to school this morning. (今天早上她没有来上学。)
don't believe him. (不要相信他的话。)
注:“h**e”表达“有”以外的意义时,其否定句通常使用助动词“do”,例如:
usually i don't h**e (=eat) breakfast on sunday morning.
(通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。)
she doesn't h**e (=drink) coffee for breakfast.
(她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。)
we didn't h**e (=enjoy) a good time there yesterday.
(昨天我们在那里玩得不愉快。)
不过美式英语“h**e”作“有”的意义使用时也如一般动词使用助动词“do”,例如:
i don't h**e brothers.
(我没有兄弟。)
we didn't h**e time enough to finish the work.
(我们当时没有足够的时间完成那件工作。)
(2)使用“not”以外的否定词:
(a)副词:never,seldom,hardly,little,neither等,例如:
she never comes to school late.
(他上学从不迟到。)
she seldom comes to see me.
(她不常来看我。)
(b)形容词:no,few,little等,例如:
i h**e no brothers.(=i don't h**e brothers.)
(我没有兄弟。)
he has few friends in hong kong.
(他在香港几乎没有朋友。)
(c)代词:nothing,nobody,none等,例如:
i know nothing about computer.
(对于电脑我一窍不通。)
i found nobody about computer.
(在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。)
注:1.有些文法书认为“not +v”为句子否定法,是否定句,而“no +n.或如nothing等”为单词否定法,不宜称为否定句。例如:
he doesn't h**e brother.(否定句)
he has no brothers.(单词否定,但应视为肯定句,因为谓语动词是肯定。)
请注意下面两句的意义上的区别:
he doesn't h**e a breakfast.
he has not a breakfast.
(他不吃早餐。——否定句)
he has no breakfast.
(他没有早餐可吃。——单词否定,肯定句)
2.否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达,例如:
he is honest.
(他是诚实的。)
he is dishonest.(=he in not honest.)
(他不诚实。)
they h**e children.
(他们有小孩。)
they are childless .=they don't h**e children. (他们没有小孩。)
陈述句专项在小升初英语考试中常以如下考题出现:
一、选择题。
1.he swims very __
2. he g**e a knife___me.
3. the tea __good.
4. he bought a ruler___me.
5. i __his name.
not know know not no 二、句型转换题。
1、there are two children in the room now.
1)改为否定句:
2)对划线部分提问:
2、nancy is a nice girl.
(1)改为一般疑问句:
2)分别作肯定和否定回答:
剖析:以上两个题重点考查学生对陈述句基本句型的运用能力。
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