医学英语——常用解剖术语。
1、总论[introduction]
2、运动系统[locomotor（kinetic）system]
vertebrae[椎骨]cervical vevtebrae[颈椎]thoracic vertebrae[胸椎]lumbar vertebrae[腰椎]
sacrum[骶骨]coronalsternum[胸骨]rib[肋骨]thoracic cage[胸廓]
skull[颅]frontal bone[额骨]parietal bone[顶骨]occipital bone[枕骨]temporal bone[颞骨]sphenoid bone[蝶骨]ethmoid bone[筛骨]
mandible（submaxilla）[下颌骨]maxilla（supermaxilla）[上颌骨]
nasal bone[鼻骨]
sagital，lambdoid）suture [冠状（矢状，人字）缝]
orbit[眶]cl**icle[锁骨]
scapula（shoulder blade）[肩胛骨]sternum（breast bone）[胸骨]manubrium sterni（presternum）[胸骨柄]
midsternum[胸骨体]
xiphoid[剑突]humerus[肱骨]radius[桡骨]ulna[尺骨]carpal bone[腕骨]metacarpal bone [掌骨]phalanges[指（趾）骨]
hip bone[髋骨]ilium[髂骨]ischium [坐骨]pubis[耻骨]femur [股骨]patella[髌骨]tibia[胫骨]fibula [腓骨]articulation[关节]ligament[韧带]flexion[屈]extension[伸]adduction[收]abduction[展]medial rotation[旋内]lateral rotation[旋外]
pronation[旋前]supination[旋后]circumductoin[环转]vertebral column[脊柱]intervertebral disc[椎间盘]
temporal-mandibular joint[颞下颌关节]
shoulder joint[肩关节]elbow joint[肘关节]radiocarpal joint[肩关节]radiocarpal joint[桡腕关节]
pelvis[骨盆]hip joint[髋关节]knee joint[膝关节]ankle joint[踝关节]muscle [肌肉]tendon[肌腱]fascia[筋膜]tendinous sheath[腱鞘]
trapezius[斜方肌]latissimus dorsi[背阔肌]sternocleidomastoid[胸锁乳突的]
scalenus [斜角肌]pectoralis major[胸大肌]intercostales[肋间肌]
diaphragm[膈肌]inguinal canal[腹股沟管]
masseter[咬肌]temporalis[颞肌]deltoid[三角肌]biceps brachii[肱二头肌]triceps brachii[肱三头肌]axillary fossa [腑窝]gluteus maximus[臀大肌]
piriformis[梨状肌]sartorius[缝匠肌]
quadriceps femoris[股四头肌]triceps surae[小腿三头肌]femoral ********[股三角]3、内脏[viscera]viscera[内脏]oral c**ity[口腔]
lip[唇]cheek[颊]palate[腭]tooth[牙]dentes[牙]tongue[舌]parotid gland[腮腺]
pharynx[咽]esophagus[食管]stomach gaster[胃]duodenum[十二指肠]
jejunum[空肠]ileum [回肠]large intestine[大肠]
caecum[盲肠]
vermiform（appendix）[阑尾]
colon[结肠]rectum[直肠]anal canal[肛管]dentate line[齿状线]
anus[**]liver（hepar）[肝]porta hepatis[肝门]gallblader[胆囊]pancreas[胰]nose[鼻]nasal c**ity[鼻腔]paranasal sinus[鼻旁窦]
larynx[喉]laryngeal c**ity[喉腔]vocal cord[声带]
trachea[气管]bronchi[支气管]
lung [肺]pulmonary[肺的]pleura[胸膜]mediastinum[纵隔]
kidney[肾]renal pilvis[肾盂]ureter[输尿管]urinary bladder[膀胱]
urethra[尿道]testis[**]epididymis[附睾]ductus deferens[输精管]spermatic cord[精索]prostate[前列腺]scrotum[**]penis[**]ovary[卵巢]uterine tube[输卵管]
uterus[子宫]vagina[**]clitoris[**]
mamma（breast）[乳房]
mammary papilla（nipple）[乳头]
perineum[会阴]pelvic diaphragm[盆膈]peritoneum[腹膜]omentum[网膜]
4、心血管系统[cardiovascular system]
heart[心]artery[动脉]vein[静脉]capillary[毛细血管]atrium[心房]ventricle[心室]tricuspid valve[三尖瓣]bicuspid valve[二尖瓣]aortic valve[主动脉瓣]pulmonary valve[肺动脉瓣]sinuatrial node[窦房结]atrioventricular node[房室结]atrioventricular bundle[房室束]right/left bundle branch[右/左束支]
coronary artery[冠状动脉]coronary sinus[冠状窦]pericardium[心包]aorta[主动脉]
innominate artery[无名动脉（头臂干）]common carotid artery[颈总动脉]
carotid sinus [颈动脉窦]
internal（external）carotid artery[颈内（外）动脉]
facial artery[面动脉]subcl**ian artery[锁骨下动脉]mesenteric artery[肠系膜动脉]common iliac artery[髂总动脉]popliteal artery [腘动脉]vena c**a [腔静脉]internal jugular vein[颈内静脉]
cephalic vein[头静脉]basilic vein[贵要静脉]saphenous vein[隐静脉]lymphatic duct[淋巴导管]thoracic duct[胸导管]lymph node[淋巴结]
spleen[脾]thymus[胸腺]
5、感觉器[sense organs]sensory organ[感觉器]receptor[感受器]visual organ[视器]eyeball [眼球]
cornea[角膜]sclera[巩膜]choroid [脉络膜]ciliary body[睫状体]
iris[虹膜]retina[视网膜]optic disc[视神经盘]macula lutea[黄斑]aqueous humor[房水]
lens[晶状体]vitreous body[玻璃体]
eyelid [眼睑]conjunctiva[结膜]lacrimal gland[泪腺]
vestibulocochlear organ[前庭蜗器]
ear（auris）[耳]auricle[耳廓]acoustic meatus[耳道]tympanic c**ity[鼓室]tympanic membrane[鼓膜]pharyngotympanic tube [咽鼓管]
bony（membranous）labyrinth[骨（膜）迷路]
vestibule [前庭]semicircular canal[半规管]
cochlea[耳蜗]cochlear duct[蜗管]olfactory organ[嗅器]gustatory organ[味器]
taste bud[味蕾]skin[**]
6、神经系统[nervous system]central nervous system[中枢神经系统]peripheral nervous system[周围神经系统]visceral nerve[内脏神经医学教。育网搜集]
afferent nerve[传入神经]efferent nerve[传出神经]
neuron[神经元]axon [轴突]dendrite[树突]glia [神经胶质]gray matter [灰质]white matter[白质]
spinal nerve[脊神经]cervical plexus[颈丛]brachial plexus[臂丛]lumbar plexus[腰丛]sacral plexus [骶丛]phrenic nerve[膈神经]median nerve[正中神经]ulnar nerve[尺神经]radial nerve[桡神经]femoral nerve[股神经]ischiatic nerve[坐骨神经]common peroneal nerve[腓总神经]
cranial nerve[颅（脑）神经]olfactory nerve[嗅神经]optic nerve[视神经]oculomotor nerve[动眼神经]trochlear nerve[滑车神经]trigeminal verve[三叉神经]abducent nerve[展神经]facial nerve[面神经]
vestibulocochlear nerve[前庭蜗神经]glossopharyngeal nerve[舌咽神经]
vagus nerve[迷走神经]accessary nerve[副神经]
hypoglossal nerve[舌下神经]autonomic nervous system[自主神经]vegetative nervous system[植物神经]
sympathetic nerve[交感神经]parasympathetic nerve[副交感神经]
spinal cord[脊髓]encephalon（brain）[脑]
brain stem[脑干]medulla oblongata[延髓]
pons [脑桥]mesencephalon[中脑]
midbrain[中脑]cerebellum[小脑]diencephalon[间脑]thalamus[丘脑]hypothalamus[下丘脑]hypophysis[垂体]telencephalon[端脑]cerebrum[大脑]cerebral cortex[大脑皮质]corpus striatum[纹状体]internal capsule[内囊]spinothalamic tract[皮质脊髓束]medial lemniscus[内侧丘系]
lateral lemniscus[外侧丘系]spinal lemniscus[脊髓丘系]trigeminal lemniscus[三叉丘系]7、体表标记[anatomic marks]naso-labial groove[鼻唇沟]suprasternal fossa[胸骨上窝]supracl**icular fossa[锁骨上窝]infracl**icular fossa[锁骨下窝]armpit（axillary fossa）[腋窝]
midsternal（midian）line[胸骨中线（正中线）]
anterior midian line[前正中线]parasternal line[胸骨旁线]midcl**icular line[锁骨中线]
mammillary（nipple，milk）line[乳线]
posterior（mid-，anterior）axillary line[腋后（中，前）线]
scapular line[肩胛线]midspinal line[脊柱中线]dorsomedian line[后正中线]linea par**ertebralis [脊椎旁线]
the left（right）upper abdomen（quadrant）[左（右）上腹]
epigastrium[上腹部]the middle abdomen[中腹部]the lower abdomen[下腹部]linea pararectalis[腹直肌旁线]
anterior superior spine[髂前上棘]symphysis pubis（symphysion）[耻骨联合]
ischial tuberosity[坐骨结节]groin（inguen）[腹股沟]popliteal fossa[腘窝]upper extremity（limb）[上肢]lower extremity（limb）[下肢]posterior superior spine[髂后上嵴]
anterior（dorsal）part of chest（前（后）胸部）
scapular region[肩胛区]
anterior（posterior）fontanelle[前（后）囱]
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