第六章否定句子(negative sentences)
6§1 否定句的基本规则。
在任何语言，我们都有必要造出〝否定〞的句子，在中文，写出否定句子并非难事，在英文，无论任何否定句子，都必须遵行一些规定，以下是否定句子的例子。
肯定句子否定句子。
i like music. i don’t like music.
he loves swimming. he does not love swimming.
they h**e come to work. they h**e not come to work.
mary went to see a movie yesterday. mary did not go to see a movie yesterday.
john is a good boy. john is not a good boy.
i will go to new york tomorrow. i will not go to new york tomorrow.
he can sing. he can not sing.
you may go now. you may not go now.
he should sleep early. he should not sleep early.
it is raining now. it is not raining now.
it rains very often here. it does not rain very often here.
he has a lot of money. he does not h**e a lot of money.
it is exciting to see this game. it is not exciting to see this game.
he asked me three questions. he did not ask me three questions.
从以上的例子来看，我们可以归纳出以下的规则：
to be 后面可以直接加not。例如：
he is not a good teacher.
mary was not very happy when she was young.
they are not strong boys.
peter is not coming.
john is not going to work.
2.助动词后面可以直接加not。例如：
he has not written any letter.
they will not come.
he cannot swim.
they should not cry very often.
tom had not eaten any thing before you came.
he may never eat cakes in the future.
john has not lived here.
3.一般句子的动词必须加入do或他的变形。
he does not smoke.
he did not go.
i do not love sports.
you do not like to eat fish.
they do not swim very well.
we did not see that movie.
在英文中，我们可以用h**e to来代替must，以下是h**e to的例子：
he has to go to chicago tomorrow.（他明天应该去芝加哥）
they had to buy three tickets to go to the concert.（他们必须买三张票去听**会）
i h**e to work very hard.（我必须努力工作）
含有h**e to的句子，如要改成否定句子，必须在h**e to前面加do或它的变形，请看以下的例子：
肯定句子否定句子。
he has to eat a lot of food. he does not h**e to eat a lot of food.
he had to le**e. he did not h**e to le**e.
i h**e to write that letter. i do not h**e to write that letter.
【练习二十三】
将以下的肯定句子改成否定句子：
1. i saw your brother last night.
2. i like apples.
3. she is a beautiful girl.
4. they can play violin very well.
5. mr. chang must answer the following questions.
6. he went to see his brother last night.
7. he could sing many songs.
8. he will buy this car.
9. it rained he**ily last night.
10. i h**e lived here for three years.
11. he has to see his mother.
12. he had to stay here yesterday.
6§2 no, never和any的用法。
要达成否定的意思，有时我们也可以用no和never这些字，no必须跟一个名词，请看下面的例子：
saw no students here.
are no lakes in this country.
h**e no money.
had no choice.
has no friends.
以上这些例子也可以用not来表示否定的意思，如果用not，则以上的句子应该照下面的方式写；
did not see any student here.
can not find any lake in this country.
do not h**e any money.
did not h**e any choice.
does not h**e any friends.
除以上not之外，never也可以表达否定的意思，以下都是never的例子，请注意never常用在完成式的句子里：
i h**e never gone there.
he has never written any song.
they h**e never washed their clothes.
【练习二十四】
用no，not和never填空在以下的句子里：
1. i h**e money.
2. a selfish person does h**e any friends.
3. man is entirely alone.
4. one is living here. we can get into this house.
5. a single person loves me.
6. one loves me.
7. the person whom i saw did come.
8. i did go to work yesterday.
9. i had work to do yesterday.
10. i can find any one in this hall.
11. i h**e gone to america.
12. he has written to me.
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