重点句式讲解---强调句。
强调句型的基本结构是：it is/was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语、宾语补足语或状语等) +that/who +句子的其余部分。
一、连接词。一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。
it was john and mike who/that saw mary in the street last night.
it was in the street that i met him yesterday.
二、时态。如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用it is...that...
如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用it was...that...如：
mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.
-- it was mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday. (强调主语)
有时，be前可使用表示推测的情态动词。如：
it must be peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。
it might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。
三、 强调含有not until的句子。在强调not until句型时，not 位于until从句前，主句谓语动词作相应变化，即it is(was)+not until从句+that +其它。
例： it was not until nearly a month later __i received the manager’s reply.
a. sinceb. whenc. asd. that
四、强调句的疑问句。强调结构的疑问形式：强调一般疑问句中的某一成分时，要在主句中用一般疑问句的顺序。
例： was __that i saw last night at the concert？
a. it youb. not youc. youd. that yourself
强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词，其结构模式是：“疑问词+ is/was + it +that...
例： _is it __has made peter __he is today？
a. what； that； thatb. that； that； what
c. what； what； thatd. what； that； what
此结构还经常与插入语连用，构成更复杂的结构；例如：
例： i’ve already forgotten __you put the dictionary.
a. that it was thereb. where was it that
c. that where it wasd. where it was that
五、强调句型中的主谓一致。被强调的成分为原句的主语时，that/who之后的谓语动词应与被强调的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致关系，从而选用恰当的动词形式。例如：
it is you who/that are wrong.
it is i who/that am answering the question.
但是如果被强调的部分是人称代词，按理应用人称代词主格形式，但在口语或非正式文体中也可以用其宾格形式，此时that/who的谓语动词要用单数第三人称形式is或was。例如：
it is me who is being asked the f**or.
另在it is/was...not...that...句型中，其谓语动词应与肯定部分的词保持一致关系。例如：
it is my brother, not i that studies in that school.
it is you, not your sister that are in charge of the company.
六、感叹句的强调结构，既要体现强调句型的形式特征，又要体现感叹句的自然语序。例如：
1. how happy he looks! →how happy it is that he looks!
2. what a clever boy he is! →what a clever boy it is that he is!
七、强调句型的鉴别方法及相似句型的辨析。
强调句型极易与定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等相关句型混淆，判断的方法是：强调句型中去掉it is/was…that剩下的部分在语法和意义上仍然是一个完整的句子。如：
it was yesterday that i met him. 去掉句中的it was …that 该句为：yesterday i met him.
句意和语法都非常正确，说明这是一个强调句。而其他句型则不行。
1. 以名词从句的形式出现
i’ve already forgotten __you put the dictionary.
a. that it was there b. where was it that c. that where it was d. where it was that
2. 与定语从句相结合
it was in the lab __was taken charge of by professor harris __they did the experiment.
a. that； that b. that； what c. whom； that d. which； where
八、what … is / was … 结构。
what … is / was …"是名词从句结构，也是强调句的另一种构成形式。它常用来强调主语、宾语。如果所叙述的是现在或者将来发生的事情用"what is … that…"的句式；如果所叙述的是过去发生的事情用"what was … that…"的句式。
例如：what he wishes most is to become a pilot.（强调宾语） 他最希望的是成为一名飞行员。
what encouraged us was the example he set for us. （强调主语）给予我们鼓励的是他为我们树立的榜样。
九、注意强调句与其他形式相似的句型的区别：
1) it be + 表语 + that从句
it is really annoying that he always talks to you with his mouth full.
该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语；
2) it be + 时间段 + since ..
it is ten years since he left home.句中it是代词，指时间；句型意为“自从……已有多久了”
3) it be + 时间段 + before ..
it won’t be long before we can meet again.
句中it是代词，指时间； 句型意思是“要不了多久就会……”
4) it be + 时间点 + when ..
it was 11 o’clock when they arrived at the factory.
句中it是代词，指时间；句型意为 “某事发生时时间是……”
巩固练习】1. it __mike and mary who helped the old man several days ago.
a. was b. are c. were d. had been
2. it was not until 1920 __regular radio broadcasts began.
a. which b. when c. that d. since
3. she said she would go and shego.
a. didn’t b. did c. really d. would
4. it was the training __he had as a young man __made him such a good engineer.
a. what; that b. that; what c. that; which d. which; that
5. -were all three people in the car injured in the accident?
---no, _only the two passengers who got hurt.
a. there were b. it were c. there was d. it was
6. it was not until 1936___baseball became a regular part of olympic games.
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