初中英语易混淆短语比较学习

发布 2021-02-05 03:09:28 阅读 9149

相似词辨析:can与be able to的区别。

can 与 be able to 均可表示某人做某事的能力,常可互换。

例如: i'm not able to [can't] explain this. 我不能解释这个问题。

he was able to [could] speak french very well. 他的法语讲得很不错。

区别: (1) 从时态形式来看,can 只有现在式和过去式(could)两种,而 be able to 则可根据需要使用多种时态,还可以和一些情态动词连用,或用作动词不定式等非谓语形式。

i h**en't been able to sleep recently. 最近我睡不着觉。

our baby will be able to walk in a few weeks. 我们的宝宝再过几个星期就能走路了。

you might be able to persuade him. 你也许能够说服他。

i hope to be able to do the work. 我希望能干得了这项工作。

i regret not being able to help her. 我很遗憾未能帮助她。

(2) 用于现在时,can 泛指一般的能力,而 be able to 则主要指具体做某件事的能力。

he can swim. 他会游泳。

i am able to express my idea in a clear way. 我能清楚地表达自己的想法。

3) 在表示过去的一般能力时,两者没有很大差别。

i could / was able to play the piano when i was young. 我年轻时会弹钢琴。

但如果要表示"一时的能力",即"在过去某时有某种能力,并顺利地完成某事",则要用 was / were able to,而不能用 could。例如:

though he was sick, he was able to swim across the river. 虽然他病了,但他还是游过了河。

after five hours of climbing, we were able to reach the top of the mountain. 经过5个小时的攀爬,我们终于登上了山顶。

could 表示可能或有能力做,was [were] able to 则表示能够做且确已做到。比较下面两句:

i was able to pass the examination. 我通过了考试。(不仅有能力,而且实际上做到了。

相当于i succeeded in passing the examination.)

i could pass the examination. 我当时有能力通过考试。(有能力,但实际上不一定做得到)

seem的用法。

1. seem (vi.好象,仿佛,看来,似乎)的用法:

1) 后接形容词或to be +形容词或名词作表语。如:

things far off seem (to be) small.远处的东西看上去小些。

he seems a very clever boy. 他似乎是个很聪明的男孩。

2) 后接(to sb.)that从句,但主语是it.如:

it seems to me that there is something strange about the case.在我看来这件案子有点奇怪。

it seems that you are lying. 看来你在撒谎吧。

3) 后接不定式(to do/ to be),主语一般是人称。如:

i seemed to hear a voice in the distance. 我好象听到远处有说话声。

he seems (to be) quite happy.他似乎十分快乐。

4) 后接as if / as though,主语一般是it.

at that time, it seemed as if/ as though i couldn't think of a right word anyhow. 当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

5) seem 的否定式。

when his wife's pet cat died, alan didn't seem to care at all.阿兰妻子的宠猫死了,他好象一点也不在乎。

there doesn't seem to be much hope that he'll come. 看来他来的希望不大。

talk to, talk with

这二者也有区别:前者作“对……讲”解,有时指上级对下级,含有“训话”的意味;而后者则表示“同……讲话”。试比较:

the teacher is talking to his students.老师正在对学生们讲话。

the teacher is talking with his students.老师正跟学生们聊天。

when, while这三个词都有"当……时候"之意,但用法有所不同,使用时要特别注意。

when意为"在……时刻或时期",它可兼指"时间点"与"时间段",所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词,也可是持续性动词。如:

when i got home, he was h**ing supper.我到家时,他正在吃饭。

when i was young, i liked dancing.我年轻时喜欢跳舞。

while只指"时间段",不指"时间点",从句的动词只限于持续性动词。如:

while i slept, a thief broke in.在我睡觉时,盗贼闯了进来。

辨析 when从句与主句动作先后发生时,不能与while互换。如:

when he has finished his work, he takes a short rest.每当他做完工作后,总要稍稍休息一下。(when = after)

when i got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我到电影院时,电影已经开始了。(when=before)

when从句动词为终止性动词时,不能由while替换。如:

when he came yesterday, we were playing basketball.昨天他来时,我们正在打篮球。

当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词时,when, while才有可能互相替代。如:

while / when we were still laughing, the teacher came in.正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时,老师进来了。

当从句的谓语动词是终止性动词,而且主句的谓语动词也是终止性动词时,when可和as通用,而且用as比用when在时间上更为紧凑,有"正当这时"的含义。如:

he came just as (or when) i reached the door.我刚到门那儿,他就来了。

从句的谓语动词如表示状态时,通常用while。如:

we must strike while the iron is hot.我们应该趁热打铁。 ⑥while和when都可以用作并列连词。

mike is tall while his brother is short.迈克的个子很高,然而他弟弟很矮。

mary was on her way home when two big boys stopped her.玛丽正走在回家的路上,这时两个大个子男孩拦住她。

rather than

rather than 是一个并列连词,用法比较复杂,现归纳如下:

1. rather than 与would 连用时,构成“would rather...than...

句式,意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”表示主观愿望,即在两者之中选择其一。例如: she'd rather die than lose the children.

她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。

2. rather than 不与would连用时,表示客观事实,意为“是……而不是……;与其……不如……”它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下:

(1) 连接两个名词或代词

he is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员,不如说他是一个探险者。

you rather than i are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。

注意:rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。

2) 连接两个形容词

the sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

3) 连接两个介词(短语)或动名词

we will h**e the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会,不是在大厅里。

she enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌,而不喜欢跳舞。

4) 连接两个分句

we should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。

5) 连接两个不定式

i decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打**。

注意:rather than 后接不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to 的不定式。

如:rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉,把它们以半价卖掉了。

6) 连接两个动词

he ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的,而不是走来的。

注意:这里rather than 后用了walked,而没有用walk,表示客观事实,而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk,则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……解。

would rather的用法

一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”,后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather,表示优先选择的一种方式

其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化,所有的人称一律用would rather。

would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式,美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意,它是一个情态助动词,且无词性、时态变化。

例 mr li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚**。

if you’d rather be alone, we’ll all le**e here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着,那我们都离开这儿。

he’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。

you would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。

过去进行时。

结构。1. 过去进行时由“助动词was/were + 现在分词”构成

例如: we were h**ing supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时**响了

2. 过去进行时的否定式由“was/were not +现在分词”构成

例如: this time yesterday jack was not watching tv. he was repairing his bike.

昨天这个时候,杰克不是在看电视,而是在修理自行车

3. 过去进行时的疑问式由“was/were + 主语+ 现在分词?”构成

例如: were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午四点你们在打篮球吗?

基本用法。1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。

如:he fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。

2. 过去进行时表示现在用过去进行时表示现在主要是为了使语气委婉、客气。

如:i was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。

【注】一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。

3. 过去进行时表示感**彩与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感**彩,也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用。

如:they were always quarrelling. 他们老是吵架。

4. 动词be的过去进行时动词be的进行时也可表示过去一时的表现或暂时的状态。

比较:he was friendly. 他很友好。(指过去长期如此)

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