一、反义词。
big- smallfat—thinthick(粗、厚)—thin（细、薄）
long—shorttall—short new-oldyoung-old sharp—blunthappy—sad hungry-full little-large man-womanafraid-br**e open-close stop—go
near—far away fromhere-there these-those this-thatyoung—old come-goclean-dirty good-badin-outmy/our-your under-on i/we—you put on—take off up–down stand-sitblack—white dry-wet cool-warmhot-coldrough—smooth soft-hard sweet—bitter in front of—behind
二、同音词。
know—no for—four eye—i here—hear there—their to—too—two where—wear see-sea
三、名词的复数。
1．一般情况加 ‘s
2．以s, x, sh, ch结尾的加‘-es’例子：dress-dresses fox—foxes dish—dishes watch--watches
3．以辅音加y结尾的去y加‘-ies’ 例子：library-libraries **iary-**iaries butterfly—butterflies
4. 以f或fe结尾的去f或fe为‘-ves’ 例子：scarf—scarves leaf--le**es
5. 无规则变化：mouse-mice, sheep-sheep, man-men, child-children, tooth-teeth
6. 指示代词复数：this-these, that-those
7. 人称代词的复数： i –we you—you he/she/it—they my-our your-your his/her/its—their
四、量词词组(不可数名词可用量词词组表达数量)
box(盒子) a box of…. two boxes ofbag（包） a bag of…. two bags of….
packet（小包）a packet of…. two packets of…. bottle(瓶) a bottle of…. two bottles of….
glass(玻璃杯) a glass of…. two glasses ofpair(一对、一双、一副) a pair of…. two pairs of….
bar(块) a bar of…. two bars ofbowl(一碗) a bowl oftwo bowls of...
五．动词的ing形式 （用处：1. like+ doing 2. 现在进行时 be+doing）注意发音。
1. 直接加ing jump—jumping fly—flying ski—skiing paint-painting
2. 去e加ing h**e—h**ing dance-dancing skate—skating shine--shining
3. 双写尾字母加ing run—running swim-swimming skip--skipping
六．介词与介词词组：
in(里面)—in the cage, in the street(在街上), in the tree在树上in the zoo（住/工作在动物园里）, in the shop, come in
on（上面）--on xx road(在xx路上), on the street（在街两旁）,
on the tree（长在树上）
under(下面)—under the desk
beside（在旁边）—beside the river；
between…and…(在xx和xx中间) between the shop and the park
near(在附近-在大范围的附近)—near the seanext to(紧邻)—next to the cinema
at—h**e a look at, at home, at the party， at xx road(在xx路几号)
to--listen to, go to school, count to…数到几。
with--play with snow, count with(和…数), wash with water, see with eyes
up(向上)--stand up, hands up, down--sit down, hands down，fall down；
away—go away, run away far away from
by bus、be late for、turn off、jump into be full of(充满) be afraid of (对…害怕)
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