动词。这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括be动词、情态动词、助动词、行为动词（就是我们平时总说的那种动词）。
1、be动词（ am, is, are, was, were ）
1）am—was, is –was, are--were 口诀：我用am, 你用are, is连着他她它，单数名词用is，复数名词全用are，学好英语就靠它！
2）肯定和否定句 i am (not) from london. he is(not) a teacher. she is(not) in the dining room.
3）一般疑问句 am i a chinese? -yes, you are.--no, you aren’t.
are they american? -yes, they are. -no, they aren’t.
is the cat fat? -yes, it is. -no, it isn’t.
4）be动词的否定形式：am not（没有缩写形式），are not = aren’t ，is not = isn’t 。
练一练。1、用be动词的适当形式填空。
1）i __a boy. _you a boy? no, i __not. 2）the girl___jack's sister.
3）the dog __tall and fat4）the man with big eyes __a teacher.
5）__your brother in the classroom? 6）how __your father?
7）mike and liu tao __at school. 8）whose dress __this?
9）whose socks __they10）who __i?
11）the oranges __on the desk13）here __some sweaters for you.
14）the black gloves __for su yang. 15）this pair of gloves __for yang ling.
16）the two cups of milk __for me.17）some tea __in the glass.
18）gao shan's shirt __over there. 19）my sister's name __nancy.
20）__d**id and helen from england?21）there __a girl in the room.
22）there __some apples on the tree. 23）__there any apple juice in the bottle?
24）there __some bread on the plate.25）you, he and i __from china.
26）there __a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.
2、助动词（ do, does, did ）
do, does用于一般现在时，其过去式did用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：
do not = don’t, does not = doesn’t, did not = didn’t。
注意：在一般现在时中，does用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词do；助动词do, does, did后面一定要用动词原形。
练一练。1、用适当的助动词填空。
1) _you like this magazine
2) the girl___like bread for breakfast.
3) -what___she___at the weekends? -she usually plays games with her friends.
4) -what___you do last sunday? -i wrote to my friend.
5) -did you see a beijing opera（歌剧）? no, i___
6) he___not visit a farm last national day holiday.
7) they___not like playing volleyball.
8jim h**e a picnic with his family every saturday? -yes, he does. .
9)__helen and yang ling go to school on foot every day?
10) -how many kites___we h**e? -we h**e ten.
there be结构。
1、there be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”，包括there is、there are、there was、there were。
here be结构与它类似，用法也完全相同，只不过是表示“这里存在着什么事物或人”。
2、和h**e、has、had的区别：
1）there be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人),而h**e、has、had表示：某人拥有某物。
2）在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is；主语是复数，be 动词用are；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定——“就近原则”。
3）there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4）there be句型与h**e(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；h**e(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
5）some和any在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6）and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7）针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
how many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？
how much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？
8）there be结构一般用在句子的开头，而h**e等词只能用于某一个主语后面。
练一练。1、用恰当的be动词填空。
1) there___four seasons in a year.
2) there___not any trees two years ago.
3there a post office near your school? -yes, there___
4) -how many stops___there? -there___only one.
5) there___not any stamps on the envelope(信封).
6)__there any birds in the tree?
7) there___a shopping centre near our school last year. but now there___no one.
8) there___only three of us: my dad, my mum and me.
9) here___some bread for you.
10) in new york, there___a lot of rain in spring.
2、选用“h**e, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were”填空。
1) i___a good father and a good mother. 2)__a telescope（望远镜） on the desk.
3) he___a tape-recorder（录音机）. 4)__a basketball in the playground.
5) they___a nice garden. 6) my father___a story-book last year.
7)__a reading-room in the building? 8) what does mike___
9) _any books in the bookcase（书架）? 10) how many students___in the classroom?
11)__a story-book on the table a moment ago. 12) what do you___
13) my parents___some nice pictures. 14)__some maps on the wall.
15a map of the world on the wall.16) d**id’s friends___some tents（帐篷）.
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