八年级上英语语法

发布 2020-03-11 20:29:28 阅读 3533

复合不定代词(unit1)

教材典句]1.——did you go out with anyone?你和别人一起出去了吗?

—— one was here .everyone was on vacation.不,没有人在这儿。大家都在度假。

2.——did everyone h**e a good time?大家都玩得很开心吗?

——oh, was excellent.哦,是的。一切都很好。

以上典句**现的anyone,no one,everyone, everything为复合不定代词,下面我们学习一下它们的用法。

语法全解]1.构成:由some,any,no,every加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。具体见下表:

2.用法:1)复合不定代词相当于名词,在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语,但不能作定语。

somebody,something,someone一般用于肯定句中;anything,anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。

there is someone outside the door.门外有人。

i don’t h**e anything to say toady.我今天没什么可说的。

is there anyone in the room?房间里有人吗?

2)复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时,形容词和动词不定式等应置于其后。

i h**e something important to tell you . 我有重要的事情要告诉你。

do you want anything to drink?你想喝点什么吗?

there is nothing wrong with the radio.这个收音机没有毛病。

3)复合不定代词表示单数概念,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

everything begins to grow in spring。春天万物开始生长。

someone is waiting for you at the door.有人在门口等你。

4)但在表示请求、建议、反问等的疑问句中,问话者希望得到肯定答复时,常用含有some的不定代词somebody,something,someone等。

will you ask someone to carry the box for me?你找人替我扛这箱子好吗?

would you like something to eat?你想要些吃的东西吗?

5)anyone,anything也可用在肯定句中,表示“任何人、任何事”。

anyone can do this.任何人都会做这个。

i can do anything for you.我能为你做任何事。

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 (八年级上 unit 3,4)

一、构成:1、直接加-er,-est:long — longer — longest ,short — shorter — shortest

2、以不发音的e结尾,加-r,-st: late — later — latest ,fine — finer — finest

3、辅音+y,y-i ,再加-er,-est: he**y — he**ier — he**iest happy — happier — happiest

healthy — healthier — healthiest

4、重读闭音节,末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写再加-er,-est,常见的(大红、胖瘦、湿热)

red — redder— reddest big — bigger — biggest wet — wetter — wettest

hot — hotter — hottest fat — fatter — fattest thin — thinner — thinnest

以上是针对单音节词和部分双音节词)

5、多音节词和部分双音节须在前面加more-,most-:

interesting—more interesting— most interesting ; important—more important—most important

(再如:delicions , exciting ,useful , popular , difficult等。)

6、特殊变化形式: good/well — better — best(好)

bad/badly — worse — worst(坏)

many/much — more —most(多)

litter — less — least(少)

farther — farthest(表实际距离)

further — furthest(表抽象含义,程度等)

older — oldest(指年龄或旧)

elder — eldest(指兄妹之间的长幼,一般只用于名词前作定语)

eg:my eldest sister / brother. my younger sister / brother.

注:1、分词构成的形容词加more- ,most- (如interesting tired)

2、以形容词 + ly 构成的副词加more- ,most- (如quickly,easily,happily,luckyly)

3、易出错的几个词:

early — earlier — earliest

easily — more easily — most easily

badly — worse — worst (√

badly — more badly — most badly (×

friendly — more friendly — most friendly

friendly — friendlier — friendliest (是形容词,不是副词。)

二、基本用法:

、比较级:用于两者之间进行比较(两者并不是指两个,有时是两部分。)

相关句型:a超过b:a + 动词 + 比较级 + than + b(例约 )

a等于b:a + 动词 + as + 原级 + as + b (例约 )

a + 动词否定形式 + as / so + 原级 + as +b

a不及b形容词反义词的比较级。

a+ 动词 + less + 原级(多音节词)

例:① i’m not as tall as he = i’m shorter than he.

② chinese isn’t so interesting than english.

chinese is less interesting than english. chinese is

english is more interesting than chinese.

2、最高级:适用范围是三者或三者以上of

句型:主语 + 动词 + the + 最高级 +(名词)+

副词最高级前可不用the) in

of:表示主语和后面的比较范围属于同类。

in:表示主语和后面的比较范围不属于同类。

eg:tom is the tallest of all .(the boys) ;tom is the tallest in my class.

三、特殊用法:

1、比较级 + and + 比较级 :越来越……

he is fatter and fatter .

she is more and more beautiful .(不是more beautiful and more beautiful)

2、the + 比较级 ,the + 比较级:越……就越……

the more ,the better:越多越好。

the busier he is the happier he feels. 他越忙就感到越高兴。

the harder you study ,the more you know.

3、the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词复数:两者中较……一个。

he is the taller of the two students.

which is country ,china or japan?

a、large b、larger c、the larger d、largest

4、one of + 形容词的最高级 +复数名词:其中最……之一。

super star is one of the most popular songs.

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