小学六年级毕业班总复习之语法总结

发布 2024-02-14 00:20:09 阅读 7318

前言:要学好一门外语,无非是从词、句,最后到段,词句需要积累,段由句组成,句子由词构成,因此明白词的用法很重要,但单纯的词又需要句帮助记忆,所以在讲词之前先告诉大家小学三种最常见句子结构:

1. 主语+谓语+宾语例如:

i like english. i see you.

2. 主语+谓语+副词。

the bus goes quickly. they walk slowly.

3. 主语+be动词+形容词或名词。

they are students. they are young.

下面就是对小学出现的词性和语法的总结。

一、名词:多用作主语和宾语。

1、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别

可数名词分为个体名词(如book, desk,等)和集体名词(如people, family 等)。

如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫不可数名词。如meat, water, milk, homework, time等)。

2、 名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下:

. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如:

book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days

. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。如:

bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes

. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。如:

city → cities body → bodies factory → factories

. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如:

half → halves leaf → le**es knife → knives wife → wives

. 特例 [悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。]

child → children mouse → mice

man → men woman → women policeman → policemen (规律:man → men)

tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes

悄悄话: 以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es,其余的当然加-s喽!如:photo → photos]

foot → feet tooth → teeth [悄悄话:oo变成ee。]

sheep, fish, chinese, japanese单、复数同形 [悄悄话:变复数时词形不变。]

3、不可数名词的家务事

. 不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:

the food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。

. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。如:

orange (橘汁) →oranges (橘子) 。

4、“行行色色”的名词所有格,名词词尾加's的所有格。

. 一般情况在名词后加's。 例如:

that girl's coat is in the room. 那个女孩的衣服在房间里。

. 在以s结尾的名词(包括以s结尾的复数名词)后面,只加’。

today is september 10th, teachers' day.。

children's day is coming, i should buy something new for my son.

. 如果一个东西为两个人共同拥有,只在最后一个名词后面加's。例如:

they are john's and kate's rooms. how beautiful they are!

he is lily and lucy's father.

即学即练:用所给名词的适当形式填空。

1. how manysheep) are there on the hill?

2. there is somefood) in the basket.

3. the baby has only twotooth) now.

4. there are a lot ofchinese) in japan.

5. there are fivepeople) in his family.

6. let’s takephoto), ok?

7. i h**e lots oftomato) here.

8. theleaf) on the tree turn-yellow.

9. thechild) are playing games on the playground now.

10. theirdictionary) look new.

11. i see you h**e a few whitehair).

12. they arewoman) doctors.

13. can you give me some bottles of __orange), please?

14. there are manyfox) in the picture.

15. i would like some applejuice). i am very thirsty.

16. this is a man. (复数。

17. that is an apple. (复数。

18. there is a pen on the desk. (复数。

19. he is a good student. (复数。

20. she is a good teacher. (复数。

二、冠词:定冠词(the)、不定冠词(a, an)和零冠词(即名词前不用冠词),修饰名词。

1. 不定冠词a, an的用法,a用在辅音音素前,an用在元音音素前。例如:

a desk a chair, a cup;an apple, an orange, an egg, an hour等。

2. 定冠词the的用法:

在上面提到的人或事物之前,例如:there is a book on the desk. the book is mine.

2 用在乐器名词之前,例如:play the piano, play the violin等。

3. 不用定冠词的四项注意。

今天,我们从八个方面来学习一下哪些时候不用定冠词“the”。

定冠词不能用在节日、星期、日期、月份、季节前面。例如:

i go to school on the mondayi go to school on monday.(√

定冠词不用在三餐前,例如。

i want to h**e porridge for the supperi want to h**e porridge for supper. (

定冠词不用在球类名词前,例如。

i play the soccer every dayi play soccer every day. (

定冠词不与名词前有this, that, my, your, some, any等代词连用。例如:

this the pen is minethis pen is mine.(√

即学即练:用a, an, the或/填空。

1. it is __orange on the table.

2. i h**e __egg and some bread for __breakfast.

3. tom plays __piano every day.

4. -is this your __book? -no, it isn’t.

5. there are sixty minutes in __hour.

6. -look! here is a pen. is __pen yours? -oh, yes, it is mine. thank you!

7. school usually starts in __september.

8. it is always hot in __summer.

9. june first is __children’s day.

10. my birthday is inmay.

三、动词: 用于作句子的谓语。

动词分类:系动词(be动词)、情态动词、助动词、行为(实义)动词。

1. 系(be)动词:到目前为止我们学到的主要是be动词,包括am, is, are, was, were五个。

2. 情态动词。

情态动词没有人称和数的变化,它的后面必须接动词原形。

常见情态动词:can, must, may, would

情态动词的用法及主要句型:

a. -can i help youyes, please. /no, thank you.

b. -can + 主语 + 动词原形yes, 主语+can. /no, 主语+can’t.

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