unit 1 与what的区别:
how通常对方式或程度提问,意思有:怎么样如何,通常用来做状语、表语。
what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问,意思为什么,通常做宾语,主语。
how is your summer holiday? it’s ok.(how表示程度做表语)
how did you tr**el around the world? i tr**el by air.
what do you learn at school? i learn english, math and many other subjects.
1 what…think of…? how…like…?
2 what…do with…? how…deal with…?
3 what…like about…? how…like…?
4 what’s the weather like today? how’s the weather today?
5 what to do? how to do it?
what do you think of this book?=how do you like this book?
i don’t know i should do with the matter.
=i don’t know i should deal with it.
what do you like about china?=how do you like china?
i don’t know what to do next step?=i don’t know how to do it next step?
what good / bad weather it is today!(weather为不可数名词,其前不能加 a )
what a fine / bad day it is today! (day为可数名词,其前要加 a )
9. 动词不定式做定语。
与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系。
the next train to arrive was from new york. he is always the first to come.
与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。
i h**e nothing to sayi need a pen to write with.
i need some ***** to write on. i don’t h**e a room to live in.
22. 提建议的句子:
what/ how about +doing sth.? 如:what/ how about going shopping?
why don’t you + do sth.? 如:why don’t you go shopping?
why not + do sth. ?如:why not go shopping?
let’s + do sth如: let’s go shopping
shall we/ i + do sth.? 如:shall we/ i go shopping?
unit 2
1. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态。 后跟动词原形。
used to do sth. there used to be ….反意疑问句)didn’t there?
否定形式为: didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to
疑问形式为: did…use to…? 或 used…to…?
be/get used to doing sth.习惯于, to 为介词。
5. 反意疑问句:
陈述部分的主语为 this, that, 疑问部分主语用it; 陈述部分主语用 these, those, 疑问部分用they 做主语。
例: this is a new story, isn’t it? those are your parents, aren’t they?
陈述部分是 there be 结构, 疑问部分仍用 there
例: there was a man named paul, wasn’t there?
i am 后的疑问句, 用aren’t i 例: i am in class 2, aren’t i?
陈述部分与含有 not, no, never, few, little, hardly, seldom, neither, none 等词时,疑问部分用肯定。例: few people liked this movie, didn’t they?
但陈述句中若带有否定前缀或后缀的单词时, 这个句子仍视为肯定, 后面仍用否定。例: your sister is unhappy, isn’t she?
陈述部分的主语若为不定式或 v-ing 短语, 疑问部分主语用it.
例: to spend so much money on clothes is unnecessary, isn’t it?
陈述句中主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, everybody 等指人的不定代词时,疑问部分用they做主语; 若陈述部分主语是 something, anything, noting, everything 等指事物的不定代词时, 疑问部分用it 做主语。例: nobody says one word about the accident, do they?
everything seems perfect, doesn’t it?
当主语是第一人称i时, 若谓动为think, believe, guess 等词时, 且其后跟宾丛,这时疑问句部分的人称, 时态要与宾语从句保持一致, 同时还要考虑否定转移。例: i don’t think he can finish the work in time, can he?
前面是祈使句, 后用 will you? (let’s 开头时, 后用shall we?)
unit3英语有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示是动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
cats eat fish. (主动语态)猫吃鱼。
fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。
被动语态的构成:由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
被动语态的用法:当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。
7.倒装句:
由so+助动词(be/do/will/h**e)/情态动词+主语意为:…也是一样。
neither/nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致。
she is a student. so am i. 她是一个学生,我也是。
she went to school just now. so did i . 她刚才去学校了,我也是。
she has finished the work. so h**e i . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
she will go to school. so will he. 她将去学校,他也是。
tom can’t swim. neither can john.
44. only 处于句首,并后跟状语时,全句需要倒装。
例: only then did he understand it. 只有到那时,他才明白。
only in this way can we learn english well. 只有这样我们才能把英语学好。
only when she came home, did he learn the news. 当她到家时,他才得知了这消息。
unit4 宾语从句:宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语构成。 常由下面的一些词引导:
由that 引导:表示陈述意义 that可省略。
he says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
由if , whether 引导表示一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
i don’t know if / whether wei hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
由连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导表示特殊疑问意义。
do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗?
从句时态要与主句一致。
当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态。
he says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
i don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
she wants to know if i h**e finished my homework.
她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
he said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。
i didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
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