第三十二篇 mind-reading1 machine（b级）读心机。
a team of researchers in california has developed a way to predict预报、预言 what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning what’s happening in their brains.
when you look at something, your eyes send发送 a signal about that object to your brain. different regions区域of the brain process处理 the information your eyes send. cells in your brain called neurons are responsible可靠地 for this processing.
当你注视一些物体时，你的眼睛会发送一个关于该物体的信号到你的大脑中。大脑的不同区域处理眼睛发送的这些信号。大脑中负责这个过程的细胞叫做神经元。
the fmri (functional magnetic resonance imaging)2 brain scans could generally普通的 match electrical activity活动 in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.
fmbi(功能性磁振造影)脑扫描可以大体地比较大脑中人们对所观察物体基本形状的电运动。
like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume消耗。 the more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will tr**el to that region.
and by using fmri, scientists can visualize3 which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood — and therefore因此， which parts are working to process information.
像身体中其他地方的细胞一样，活跃的神经元细胞也需要氧气。血液为神经元提供氧气，神经元越活跃，对氧气量的需求越大。大脑中越是活跃的区域，它的神经元也就越活跃，为此，更多的血液会流经这一区域。
那么通过使用fmbi，科学家可以使大脑中接收相对多的富氧血液的部分可视化。因此，可视化的部分就是处理信息的部分。
an fmri machine is a device装置 that scans the brain and measures测量 changes in blood flow to the brain. the technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out开展 an activity活动 like speaking or reading. by highlighting使…显得突出 the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fmri may help scientists determine决定、判定 specific patterns模式 of brain activity associated with 与…有关系different kinds of images.
fmri机是一种可以扫描大脑和测量流向大脑的血液变化的设备。这项技术为研究者显示，当人们思考观察进行像说话阅读这样的活动时，大脑运动的变化。通过突出显示人们**不同图像时头脑工作的区域，fmri可以帮助科学家们确定与不同图像相关的大脑活动的具体形式。
the california researchers tested brain activity by h**ing two volunteers志愿者 view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects日常物体， like people, animals, and fruits. the scientists used an fmri machine to record the volunteers’ brain activity with each photograph they looked at. different objects caused different regions of the volunteers’ brains to light up on the scan, indicating表明 activity.
the scientists used this information to build a model to predict** how the brain might respond回答 to any image the eyes see.
加州的研究者让两个志愿者观察数百个诸如人、动物和水果这样的日常事物。他们用这样方式来测试大脑的活动。科学家使用fmri机来记录志愿者看每一张**时大脑的活动。
显示这一活动时，不同物体会使志愿者大脑的不同区域在扫描时亮度增加。科学家利用此信息来建立一种模式去**大脑对所看到事物可能如何反映。
in a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. this time, the scientists used their model to match匹配 the fmri scans to the image.
for example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern图案 of brain activity that was strongly强大的 related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would h**e predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.
在第二个测试中，科学家让志愿者看120个新图像。和以前一样，他们每看一张新图像时大脑都被扫描一次。这次，科学家用他们的模式来比较fmri扫描的图像。
例如，如果图像在第二次测试显示相同的形式的大脑活动，同时，该脑活动与在第一次测试中苹果**有大关联，那么这个模式可能会**出志愿者们正在看一些苹果。
词汇： scan /skan/ v. &n.
扫描 neuron /5njuercn/ n. 神经元visualize /5vizjjelaiz/ v.使可见；设想注释：
1. mind-reading: 能读出（猜出）人的想法的。
mind-read: 可做动词，如， as a successful salesman, he is able to mind-read his customers.
2. fmri（functional magnetic resonance imaging）：功能性磁振造影。
这是一种新兴的神经影像学方式，其原理是利用磁振造影来测量神经元活动所引发之血液动力的改变。
3. visualize: 意为 make（something）visible to the eye，即“使可见，使显现 ”。练习：
1. what is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes?
a）a small region of the brain.
b）the central part of the brain.
c）neurons in the brain.
d）oxygen-rich blood.
2. which of the following statements is not meant by the writer?
a）ceils in your brain are called neurons.
b）the more oxygen a neuron consumes, the more blood it needs.
c）fmri helps scientists to discover which parts of the brain process information.
d）fmri helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.
3. “highlighting the areas of the brain at work” means
a）“marking the parts of the brain that are processing information”
b）“giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information”
c）“putting the parts of the brain to work”
d）“stopping the parts of the brain from working”
4. what did the researchers experiment on?
a）animals, objects, and fruits.
b）two volunteers.
c）fmri machines.
d）thousands of pictures.
5. which of the following can be the best replacement更换 of the title?
a）the recent development in science and technology.
b）your thoughts can be scanned.
c）a technological dream.
d）a device that can help you calculate.
答案与题解：
1. c 文章第二段的最后两个句子提供了答案。 cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processing．这里的 processing指的就是上句中的内容。
2. d 的电容文章中没有出现。 a的内容在第二段可找到。 b的内容在第二段可找到。 c的内容在第五段可找到。
3. a highlight：使…显得突出，标出。 at work：正在工作的。这里指正在处理信息的（大脑区域）。
职称英语考试《理工类B级》词汇整理
grandfather gr1nd f2 04 n.外 祖父。grandmother gr1n m804 n.外 祖母。grandparent gr1n pe4r4nt n.外 祖父 母 grandson gr1ns8n n.孙子，外孙。grant gr2 nt v.准予，授予，同意 n.拨款 准许...
2023年职称英语考试理工类新增阅读理解
light of1 sleep不要太在意睡眠。我们每个人的大脑里都有一个像我们床边的闹钟一样的生物钟。人脑里的生物钟24小时走一圈，这一圈也就是一次完整的昼夜节律，正是这个节律决定了我们吃饭 睡觉和起床的时间。青春期时，人的生物钟在定时方面会发生变化，生物钟会提前。这时，青少年会比以前睡得晚，所以当...
如何准备职称英语考试阅读
职称英语考试有六大部分，总分为100分，其中阅读理解占了45分。可见阅读理解的得分高低直接影响考试能否顺利通过。职称英语考试的时间为两个小时，按考试时间要求做三篇阅读理解的时间应该是35分钟左右。这对考生来说是比较紧张的，那么我们该任何准备职称英语考试阅读呢？我们应该在备考的时候练习阅读方法，提高阅...