初中英语语法总结 练习

发布 2021-06-03 22:40:28 阅读 7917

一、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、代词、数词、形容词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

一》、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, 英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:

1)专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

如:beijing, tom, the people’s republic of china

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the great wall

姓氏名词如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the greens( 格林一家人)。

2)普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下:

在单数名词词尾加s。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.

s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.

注意]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos.

以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.

以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.

不规则变化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep, tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of *****→three pieces of *****, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

永远不可数名词巧计:消息说他工作进步老板奖他许多钱,他得到建议如果天气好,他要去买家具,设备,行李。现在他在家喝牛奶听**,多么乐趣呀

3)名词所有格:

名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:

表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如:childern’s day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)

以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:teachers’ day(教师节)

有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如:

today’s news*****(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息),china’s population(中国的人口).

无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:

a fine daughter of the party(党的好女儿).

注意]: ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)

“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

4)名词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:

主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:

the computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)the water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:my family is a very big one.如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:

my family like watching tv.

chinese, japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:there is a sheep in the yard.

/there are some sheep in the yard.

maths , news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:the news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)

glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如:

the trousers are very cheap and i want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

专项练习:一、写出下列名词的复数形式:

1. pencil-box2. wife3 . sunday___4. city___

5. dress6. englishman7. match __8. chinese __

9. zoo __10. exam___11. german __

二、单选。1. june 1st is __day all over the world.

a. child‘s b. childs’ c. children‘s d. childrens’

2. september 10th is __day in china, isn't it?

a. teacher‘s b. teachers’c. teacher d. teacher of

3. _is made of __

a. glass; glass b. a glass;glass c. glasses;glasses d. a glass; glasses

4. this is __news.

a. such a good b. a very good c. so good a d. such good

5. what __it is! let‘s go swimming.

a. a fine weather b. fine day c. a fine day d. bad weather

6. they like chinese __

a. food and peoples b. foods and people c. foods and people d. food and people

7. lucy and i go to school __every day.

a. on feet b. on foot c. by foots d. by buses

8. –are those __no, they aren’t. they’re __

a. sheep; cows b. sheep; cow c. sheeps; cow d. sheeps; cows

9. what are you listening to, jane? _or __

a. a music; a news b. music; news music; news d. music; a news

10. how many __and __are there in your class?

a. boy student; girl ones b. girls students; boys ones

c. boys student; girl one d. girl students; boy ones

11. a group of __are talking with two __over there.

a. frenchmen; germans b. frenchmen; germen

c. german; frenchmen d. germans; frenchmans

12. that bus driver drank two __

a. glass of water b. glasses of waters c. cups of tea d. cup of tea

13. mrs. smith is an old friend of __

a. bob’s mother b. bob’s mother’s c. mother of bob d. bob mother’s

14. the tall man with a big nose is __teacher.

a. tom and carl b. tom's and carl’s c. tom and carl's

15. there is __tree in our school.

a. a 8-meters-tall b. an 8-meter-tall c. an 8 meters tall

三、按中文意思填空。

1李明的)parents work in a big hospital.

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