英语中有四大复合结构:
1.动词不定式的复合结构( for sb to do sth )
please find some work for the children to do. (孩子们做工作)
the book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)
2.动名词的复合结构。
sb’s / sb doing sth )
his being late again made the teacher angry.(他迟到)
would you mind my / me smoking here (我抽烟)
动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词”。
以上两种结构中,一个只能用不定式表示动作,一个只能用动名词;而在下面两个结构中,可以有多种词性的词表示动作或状态。
3.独立主格结构(主格名词或代词+补足成分)
the work finished, we stopped for a drink. (分词)
shelookedangrilyattheprettygirl,herfacewhiteandhereyesgreen.(形容词)
sword in hand, the man came at me.(介词短语)
独立主格结构在句子中做状语,表原因或伴随状态。
4.复合宾语。
宾语+宾语补足语)
his speech made us laugh.(不定式)
when she woke up, she found herself in hospital.(介词短语)
i want the house painted white.(分词)
don’tkeepthelightsonallthenight.(副词。这类副词还有:
here,there,home, back, off, away, out, in, up, down等)
we consider him one of our best friends.(名词)
we found the movie wonderful.(形容词)
能够接复合宾语的动词可分为三类:
1).感官类,如:see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel等。
2).意识类,如:believe, think, suppose, consider, wish等。
3).使动类,如:keep, le**e; make, h**e, let等。
除动词可以接复合宾语外,介词with也可以接复合宾语,在句子中做状语和定语。
the farmers found some stone with writing on it.(定语)
with a lot of work to do, he got up early and hurried to the workshop.(状语)
与动词一样,with复宾中的宾语补足语也可以由各种结构来充当。
英语语法with的复合结构用的较多,以下是用法:
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。
举例: he stood there, his hand raised.
he stood there, with his hand raise.
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